Seerah of The Prophet Peace be upon him

1. Seerah of The Prophet Peace be upon him Muhammad The Messenger of Allah

3. The Message The First Revelation Read! In the Name of your Lord Who has created (all that exists). He has created man from a clot (a piece of thick coagulated blood). Read! And your Lord is the Most Generous. Who has taught (the writing) by the pen. He has taught man that which he knew not. العلق

4. Interruption of Revelation • وفتر الوحي فترة ، حتى حزن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم . • الراوي: عائشة المحدث: البخاري • Narrated 'Aisha: (the mother of the faithful believers): ….the Divine Inspiration was also paused for a while, until it saddened the Prophet of Allah (peace be upon him). Al-Bukhari • Ibn Hajar said: ‘That (the pause of Allah's revelation for a few days) was to relieve the Messenger of Allah of the fear he experienced and to make him long for the Revelation. • Most likely lasted for 6 months (some say 40 days).

5. Resumption of Revelation • أن جابر بن عبد الله الأنصاري قال ، وهو يحدث عن فترة الوحي ، فقال في حديثه : بينا أنا أمشي إذ سمعت صوتا من السماء ، فرفعت بصري ، فإذا الملك الذي جاءني بحراء جالس على كرسي بين السماء والأرض ، فرعبت منه ، فرجعت فقلت : زملوني زملوني ، فأنزل الله تعالى : { يا أيها المدثر . قم فأنذر - إلى قوله - والرجز فاهجر } فحمي الوحي وتتابع . البخاري • Narrated Jabir bin 'Abdullah: That he heard Allah's Apostle describing the period of pause of the Divine Inspiration, and in his description he said, "While I was walking I heard a voice from the sky. I looked up towards the sky, and behold! I saw the same Angel who came to me in the Cave of Hira', sitting on a chair between the sky and the earth. I was so terrified by him that I fell down on the ground. Then I went to my wife and said, 'Wrap me in garments! Wrap me in garments!' They wrapped me, and then Allah revealed: "O you, (Muhammad) wrapped-up! Arise and warn...and desert the idols." (74.1-5) Abu Salama said....Rujz means idols." After that, the Divine Inspiration started coming more frequently and regularly.

6. The Message O you enveloped (wrapped) in garments! Arise and warn! And magnify your Lord! And purify your garments! And keep away from Ar-Rujz (the idols)! Nor expect, in giving, any increase (for yourself)! And be patient for the sake of your Lord! المدثر

7. The Message O you enveloped (wrapped) in garments! Arise and warn! And magnify your Lord! And purify your garments! And keep away from Ar-Rujz (the idols)! Nor expect, in giving, any increase (for yourself)! And be patient for the sake of your Lord! المدثر Call for work and effort “Rise!”

8. The Message O you enveloped (wrapped) in garments! Arise and warn! And magnify your Lord! And purify your garments! And keep away from Ar-Rujz (the idols)! Nor expect, in giving, any increase (for yourself)! And be patient for the sake of your Lord! المدثر Call for dedication to Allah and Tawheed “Allah u Akbar”

9. The Message O you enveloped (wrapped) in garments! Arise and warn! And magnify your Lord! And purify your garments! And keep away from Ar-Rujz (the idols)! Nor expect, in giving, any increase (for yourself)! And be patient for the sake of your Lord! المدثر وفي الحديث أن الميت لَيُبَعَثُ في ثيابِه أي في أعمالهِ. وفي سورة المُدِّثر وثِيَابَك فَطَهِّر أي قلبك وقيل عملك فأَصلِح قيل ويُقال فلان طاهر الثياب إذا وصفوهُ بطهارة النفس والنزاهة عن العيب. (لسان العرب)

10. The Message O you enveloped (wrapped) in garments! Arise and warn! And magnify your Lord! And purify your garments! And keep away from Ar-Rujz (the idols)! Nor expect, in giving, any increase (for yourself)! And be patient for the sake of your Lord! المدثر Call for purification from all physical and spiritual filth and impurities

11. The Message O you enveloped (wrapped) in garments! Arise and warn! And magnify your Lord! And purify your garments! And keep away from Ar-Rujz (the idols)! Nor expect, in giving, any increase (for yourself)! And be patient for the sake of your Lord! المدثر الرِّجْز والرُّجْز القذر وعبادة الأوثان والعذاب والشِّرْك (لسان العرب) Call for abandoning all Shirk and Sins that lead to Allah’s wrath

12. The Message O you enveloped (wrapped) in garments! Arise and warn! And magnify your Lord! And purify your garments! And keep away from Ar-Rujz (the idols)! Nor expect, in giving, any increase (for yourself)! And be patient for the sake of your Lord! المدثر Call for Sincerity and selflessness. الإخلاص

13. The Message O you enveloped (wrapped) in garments! Arise and warn! And magnify your Lord! And purify your garments! And keep away from Ar-Rujz (the idols)! Nor expect, in giving, any increase (for yourself)! And be patient for the sake of your Lord! المدثر Call to practice patience and be prepared for the hardship to come .

14. The Message O you enveloped (wrapped) in garments! Arise and warn! And magnify your Lord! And purify your garments! And keep away from Ar-Rujz (the idols)! Nor expect, in giving, any increase (for yourself)! And be patient for the sake of your Lord! Hard work and relentless effort Abandoning all Shirk and Sins that lead to Allah’s wrath The way of life of the Prophet for the next 23 years المدثر Dedication to Allah and Tawheed Sincerity and selflessness. These meanings are present in Salah Purification from all physical and spiritual filth and impurities Patience and facing hardship and adversity.

15. The First Muslims • Khadijah: • The first believer • The first Muslim to learn and perform Salah • Revelations were recited in her house • The strongest and earliest supporter of the Prophet • عن عائشة قالت: كان النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم إذا ذكر خديجة أثنى عليها بأحسن الثناء قالت فغرت يوما فقلت ما أكثر ما تذكرها حمراء الشدقين قد أبدلك الله خيرا منها قال ما أبدلني الله خيرا منها وقد آمنت بي إذ كفر بي الناس وصدقتني إذ كذبني وآستني بمالها إذ حرمني الناس ورزقني الله ولدها... )ابن كثير-البداية و النهاية)

16. The First Muslims • Ali bin Abi Talib: • The first believer amongst children, 10 years old. • Raised in the house of the Prophet • Zaid bin Haritha: • The freed slave and adopted son of the Prophet • The Daughters of the Prophet: • Zainab, Ruqayah, Umm Kulthum, and Fatimah

17. The First Muslims • Abu Bakr (Abdullah “Atiq” bin Abu Quhafah) • The first believer amongst free men. • A friend of the Prophet before revelation • A noble man, respected merchant in Quraysh. • Expert in Arabs’ Genealogy and History • Known for his noble character, generosity and manners • 37 years old when he accepted Islam without hesitation. • Most active in inviting people to Islam

18. The First Muslims • Abu Bakr (Abdullah “Atiq” bin Abu Quhafah) • عن أبي الدرداء: قال النبي ‏صلى الله عليه وسلم‏ ”...‏إن الله بعثني إليكم فقلتم كذبت وقال أبو بكر صدق وواساني بنفسه وماله“ ... البخاري • The Prophet said, "Allah sent me (as a Prophet) to you (people) but you said (to me), 'You are telling a lie,' while Abu Bakr said, 'He has said the truth,' and consoled me with himself and his money." • عن أبي سعيد الخدري ك:قال رسول الله ‏ ‏صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏ ‏إن من أمّن الناس علي في صحبته وماله‏أبا بكر. ‏ ‏ولو كنت متخذا خليلا من أمتي لاتخذت‏أبا بكرإلا‏خلة‏الإسلام • "No doubt, I am indebted to Abu Bakr more than to anybody else regarding both his companionship and his wealth. And if I had to take a Khalil from my followers, I would certainly have taken Abu Bakr, but the fraternity of Islam is sufficient.."

19. The First Muslims • Abu Bakr moves with the call to Islam • the First Group of Abu Bakr: • Uthman bin Affan (34 yo)عثمان بن عفان • Sa’d bin Abi Waqqas (17 yo) سعد بن أبي وقاص • Abdur-Rahman bin Awf (30 yo) عبد الرحمن بن عوف • Az-Zubayr bin Al-Awwam (12 yo) الزبير بن العوام • Talha bin Ubaydellah (13 yo) طلحة بن عبيد الله

20. The First Muslims • Abu Bakr continues his calling to Islam: • Sa’id bin Zaid سعيد بن زيد • Abu Ubaydah ابو عبيدة بن الجراح • Al-Arqam الأرقم بن أبي الأرقم • Uthman bin Math’un عثمان بن مظعون • Ubayda bin Al-Harith عبيدة بن الحارث بن عبد المطلب • Abu Salamh أبو سلمة

21. The First Muslims • Suhaib bin Sinan (Ar-Rumi) صهيب بن سنان الرومي • Abdullah bin Jahsh عبد الله بن جحش • Ammar bin Yaserعمار بن ياسر • Abdullah bin Mas’udعبد الله بن مسعود • Bilal bin Rabahبلال بن رباح • Mus’ab bin Umairمصعب بن عمير • Others..

22. The First Muslims • The Secret Phase: 3 years • Selective Da’wah, people who are likely to respond. • Mostly chosen for their character and noble manners • A mixture of the elite in Quraysh and the poor • Forty men and women, mostly from Quraysh • Those were the dedicated and truthful early community of Sahaba (As-Sabiqoon)

23. The First Muslims • The Secret Phase: 3 years • Secrecy of Da’wah: Important to protect the few Muslims until their belief is strong enough to face the onslaught of Quraysh. • Salah was ordained from the very beginning. (Tabari) • Quran was received with understanding and deep contemplation. • Early revelation focused on Tawheed and Creed.

24. The House of Al-Arqam • Headquarter of Early Islamic teaching. • Learning directly from the Prophet • Learning and studying in groups. • Establishing the sense of community and companionship.

25. The House of Al-Arqam • The smart choice of the house: • Al-Arqam was not known to be a Muslim or among the closest people to the Prophet. • Al- Arqam was young (16 yo) and unlikely to be the host of such an important group. • Al-Arqam is from Makhzoom, which is known for its enmity to the new religion. • Location on the Safa is isolated from the rest of houses in Mecca and easy to access undetected

26. The First Muslims • The Secret Phase: 3 years • Quraysh did not pay much attention initially to the call of Islam. (they thought that Muhammad was merely a religious outcast like Quss bin Sa‘idah, ‘Amr bin Nufail and their ilk) • Quraysh started paying more attention as Islam started spreading and the followers adhere to the leadership and teachings of the Prophet • Quraysh was alarmed by the content of the message that threatened their way of life and social order.

27. Uthman bin Math’un Islam is spread in most clans of Quraysh

28. The First Muslims Characteristics of the First Muslims By Al-‘Asr (the time). Verily, man is in loss, Except those who believe and do righteous good deeds, and recommend one another to the truth, and recommend one another to patience. Faith/Sincerity الإخلاص الإيمان Righteous Deeds العمل الصالح Supporting Each other Patience الصبر

29. The First Muslims Characteristics of the First Muslims Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah. And those who are with him are strong against disbelievers, and merciful among themselves. You see them bowing and falling down prostrate (in prayer), seeking Bounty from Allah and (His) Good Pleasure. الفتح Mercy الرحمة Remembrance of Allah الذكر و العبادة Prayers/Du’a الدعاء Humbleness الخشوع

30. The First Muslims And by the Mercy of Allah, you dealt with them gently. And had you been severe and harsh-hearted, they would have broken away from about you; so pass over (their faults), and ask (Allah's) Forgiveness for them; and consult them in the affairs. Then when you have taken a decision, put your trust in Allah, certainly, Allah loves those who put their trust (in Him). آل عمران Mercy الرحمة

31. The First Muslims Verily, there has come unto you a Messenger from amongst yourselves (i.e. whom you know well). It grieves him that you should receive any injury or difficulty. He is anxious over you (to be rightly guided); for the believers (he is) full of pity, kind, and merciful. التوبة Mercy الرحمة