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Chapter 4

Chapter 4. The structure of the atom. EARLY IDEAS ABOUT MATTER…. SECTION 4-1. The Atom…. Imagine you have a piece of aluminum foil… and you cut it in half… Would you ever finish this task? Or could you forever divide aluminum into smaller and smaller pieces??. Early ideas about Matter.

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Chapter 4

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  1. Chapter 4 The structure of the atom

  2. EARLY IDEAS ABOUT MATTER… SECTION 4-1

  3. The Atom… • Imagine you have a piece of aluminum foil… and you cut it in half… Would you ever finish this task? Or could you forever divide aluminum into smaller and smaller pieces??

  4. Early ideas about Matter • Ancient Greek Philosophers • Democritus – “atomos” was the smallest part of matter • NOT infinitely divisible

  5. Democritus vs. Aristotle • Aristotle did NOT agree with Democritus • Matter is made up of fire, water, air, and earth NOT small particles • Because Aristotle was more famous, people believed him

  6. WHO WOULD YOU BELIEVE? WHY? • Asking people to believe either theory was like asking someone to believe in Santa Claus • Without scientific evidence… how can we know something exists without seeing it?? • Take 2 minutes to write down what theory you would believe and why…

  7. Alchemy for 2000 years • Aristotle believed that any substance could be transmuted (transformed) into any other substance simply by changing the relative proportions of the 4 basic qualities.

  8. Alchemy for 2000 years • Alchemists were searching for the evolution from ignorance to enlightenment. • elixir of life • philosopher’s stone • the aqua vitae • the panacea

  9. John Dalton (1766-1844) • He revived Democritus’s ideas • Performed SEVERAL chemical reactions to develop his theory

  10. Dalton’s Atomic Theory4 Major Ideas… • 1. Matter is composed of small indivisible and indestructible particles called ATOMS • 2. Atoms of a given element are identical in size, mass and chemical property

  11. Dalton’s Atomic Theory http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HFF-2wyyTKc • 3. Different atoms combine in simple whole-number ratios to form compounds. • 4. In a chemical reaction atoms are NEVER created or destroyed, only rearranged.

  12. John Dalton (1766-1844) • He developed a system of symbols for each known element. • His symbols were round to model the tiny round atoms he was theorizing about • Today we have changed to the lettering system.

  13. Law of Conservation of Mass • Dalton’s theory supports the law of conservation of mass. • Atoms cannot be created of destroyed, so mass remains the same throughout the reaction.

  14. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS… • What does the law of conservation of mass state? • How are the LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS and the FOURTH idea of Dalton’s theory related?

  15. Homework Read Section 4.1 Pg 105, # 1-5

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