360 likes | 602 Views
Fig. 33-1. Calcarea and Silicea. Fig. 33-2. ANCESTRAL PROTIST. Cnidaria. Lophotrochozoa. Common ancestor of all animals. Eumetazoa. Ecdysozoa. Bilateria. Deuterostomia. Placozoa (1 species). Calcarea and Silicea (5,500 species). 0.5 mm. A sponge. Cnidaria (10,000 species).
E N D
Calcarea and Silicea Fig. 33-2 ANCESTRAL PROTIST Cnidaria Lophotrochozoa Common ancestor of all animals Eumetazoa Ecdysozoa Bilateria Deuterostomia
Placozoa (1 species) Calcarea and Silicea (5,500 species) 0.5 mm A sponge Cnidaria (10,000 species) A placozoan (LM) Ctenophora (100 species) Fig. 33-3-1 A jelly Acoela (400 species) A ctenophore, or comb jelly 1.5 mm Acoel flatworms (LM) LOPHOTROCHOZOANS Rotifera (1,800 species) Platyhelminthes (20,000 species) A marine flatworm A rotifer (LM) Ectoprocta (4,500 species) Brachiopoda (335 species) Ectoprocts A brachiopod
Cycliophora (1 species) Acanthocephala (1,100 species) 100 µm An acanthocephalan (LM) A cycliophoran (colorized SEM) Fig. 33-3-2 Nemertea (900 species) Mollusca (93,000 species) An octopus Annelida (16,500 species) A ribbon worm A marine annelid ECDYSOZOA Loricifera (10 species) Priapula (16 species) 50 µm A loriciferan (LM) A priapulan
Tardigrada (800 species) Onychophora (110 species) 100 µm Tardigrades (colorized SEM) An onychophoran Fig. 33-3-3 Nematoda (25,000 species) Arthropoda (1,000,000 species) A roundworm A scorpion (an arachnid) DEUTEROSTOMIA Hemichordata (85 species) An acorn worm Echinodermata (7,000 species) Chordata (52,000 species) A sea urchin A tunicate
Food particles in mucus Flagellum Choanocyte Collar Choanocyte Osculum Fig. 33-4 Azure vase sponge (Callyspongia plicifera) Spongocoel Phagocytosis of food particles Amoebocyte Pore Spicules Epidermis Water flow Amoebocytes Mesohyl
Mouth/anus Tentacle Polyp Medusa Gastrovascular cavity Fig. 33-5 Gastrodermis Mesoglea Body stalk Epidermis Tentacle Mouth/anus
Tentacle Cuticle of prey Fig. 33-6 Thread Nematocyst “Trigger” Thread discharges Thread (coiled) Cnidocyte
Fig. 33-7 (d) Sea anemone (class Anthozoa) (b) Jellies (class Scyphozoa) (c) Sea wasp (class Cubozoa) (a) Colonial polyps (class Hydrozoa)
Pharynx Gastrovascular cavity Fig. 33-10 Mouth Eyespots Ganglia Ventral nerve cords
Male Female Human host Fig. 33-11 1 mm Motile larva Ciliated larva Snail host
200 µm Fig. 33-12 Proglottids with reproductive structures Hooks Sucker Scolex
Cuticle Septum (partition between segments) Epidermis Coelom Circular muscle Metanephridium Longitudinal muscle Anus Dorsal vessel Fig. 33-22 Chaetae Intestine Fused nerve cords Ventral vessel Nephrostome Metanephridium Clitellum Esophagus Crop Pharynx Giant Australian earthworm Intestine Gizzard Cerebral ganglia Mouth Ventral nerve cord with segmental ganglia Subpharyngeal ganglion Blood vessels
Fig. 33-23 Parapodia
Nephridium Heart Visceral mass Coelom Intestine Gonads Fig. 33-15 Mantle Stomach Mantle cavity Mouth Shell Radula Anus Gill Radula Mouth Nerve cords Esophagus Foot
Fig. 33-17 (a) A land snail (b) A sea slug
Intestine Mantle cavity Stomach Anus Fig. 33-18 Mouth
Coelom Hinge area Mantle Gut Heart Adductor muscle Digestive gland Anus Mouth Fig. 33-20 Excurrent siphon Shell Water flow Palp Foot Incurrent siphon Mantle cavity Gonad Gill
Octopus Squid Fig. 33-21 Chambered nautilus
Cephalothorax Abdomen Antennae (sensory reception) Thorax Head Fig. 33-29 Swimming appendages (one pair located under each abdominal segment) Walking legs Pincer (defense) Mouthparts (feeding)
50 µm Scorpion Fig. 33-31 Dust mite Web-building spider
Abdomen Thorax Head Compound eye Antennae Fig. 33-35 Heart Cerebral ganglion Dorsal artery Crop Anus Vagina Malpighian tubules Ovary Tracheal tubes Mouthparts Nerve cords
Fig. 33-38 (a) Ghost crab (b) Krill (c) Barnacles
Stomach Anus Spine Gills Central disk Fig. 33-39 Digestive glands Madreporite Radial nerve Gonads Ring canal Ampulla Podium Radial canal Tube feet
(a) A sea star (class Asteroidea) (b) A brittle star (class Ophiuroidea) Fig. 33-40 (c) A sea urchin (class Echinoidea) (d) A feather star (class Crinoidea) (f) A sea daisy (class Concentricycloidea) (e) A sea cucumber (class Holothuroidea)