Variation and classification

1. 7D Variation and classification 7D Variation and classification Variation Classification

2. 7D Variation and classification Variation

3. 7D Variation – What is a species? Scientists have identified almost 2 million different types of living things. Many more are yet to be discovered and scientists estimate there could be up to 30 million different types of living things! Each different type of living thing is called a species. How many different types of living things are there on Earth? Do members of the same species look exactly the same?

4. 7D Variation – Similar but different A species is a group of living things with similar features. Members of the same species can breed together to produce fertile offspring. All dogs are members of the same species but they don't all look the same.

5. 7D Variation – Similar but different Name 5 ways in which these dogs are similar. Name 5 ways in which these dogs are different.

6. 7D Variation – What is variation? Differences between members of the same species are called variation.

7. 7D Variation – What is variation? Give 5 examples of variation between humans. What do you think causes variation?

8. 7D Variation – Causes of variation Variation is caused by environmental or inherited factors. Which type of variation is described by each definition? A This type of variation is passed on in genes from parent to offspring. B This type of variation is influenced by living conditions and surroundings. inherited environmental

9. 7D Variation – Inherited factors Blood group is another example of inherited variation. Your blood group will never change. In humans, inherited characteristics include the colour of your eyes and hair. Inherited variation is caused by the genes passed on from parent to offspring. How many inherited characteristics can you think of?

10. 7D Variation – Environmental factors Environmental variation is caused by differences in living conditions and surroundings. Climate and food supply are environmental factors that influence all living things. How might these factors cause variation?

11. 7D Variation – Environmental factors For humans, environmental factors can influence the way you look, speak and how you do things. Your country and culture can cause environmental variation. A Buddhist monk shaves off all his hair because it is part of his culture. A Sikh grows his hair long because it part of his culture. Name another way in which their environment may have influenced these people.

12. 7D Variation – Inherited factors Some inherited characteristics can be affected by environmental factors. Some musicians are born with natural talent for music, but they have to practise to to play really well. Can you think of other inherited characteristics that might be affected by environmental factors?

13. 7D Variation – Inherited, environmental or both? Decide which characteristics are inherited, environmental or both?

14. 7D Variation – Variation in plants Sunflowers were grown in a warm environment under different conditions of soil, water and sunlight. 1 2 3 4 Are plants also affected by environmental conditions?

15. 7D Variation – Variation in plants 1 2 3 4 What are the best conditions for growth of the sunflowers? How might sunflower growth be affected if grown in a cooler environment? How could you test your prediction?

16. 7D Variation – True or false? True or False 2. Only living things that are members of the same species can breed together to produce fertile offspring. 1.Members of the same species all look exactly the same. 1. Members of the same species all look exactly the same. FALSE!Members of the same species have similar features but do not look exactly the same. 6. The ability to roll your tongue is an inherited characteristic. TRUE! Have you inherited this type of variation? 6.The ability to roll your tongue is an inherited characteristic. 5. Identical twins are more alike than most but even they are not exactly the same. TRUE! Identical twins inherit the same features but they have different fingerprints. 5. Identical twins are more alike than most but even they are not exactly the same. 4. Variation caused by environmental factors can be passed from parent to offspring. FALSE!Only inherited characteristics are passed from parent to offspring. 4. Variation caused by environmental factors can be passed from parent to offspring. 3. Variation only occurs in animals. FALSE!Variation occurs in all living things, including plants. 2. Only living things that are members of the same species can breed together to produce fertile offspring. TRUE! Some species can be interbred. A mule is a cross betweena horse and a donkey, but it cannot produce fertile offspring. 3. Variation only occurs in animals. Click on the box to start the quiz

17. 7D Variation and classification Classification

18. 7D Classification – Sorting living things Living things can be grouped based on the similarities and differences between them. For example, all cats are similar to other cats, but very different from caterpillars.

19. 7D Classification – Sorting living things Sorting similar living things into groups is called classification. starfish wheat polar bear horse chestnut tree hamster daisies butterfly What two groups would you classify these living things into?

20. 7D Classification – Kingdoms Classification starts by sorting all living things into 5 main groups called kingdoms. Living things animals fungi plants Prokaryotes Protoctista Most living things belong to the animal kingdomor the plant kingdom. Can different plants and animals be sorted into groups?

21. 7D Classification – Classifying animals There are lots of questions you might ask to continue classifying animals into smaller groups. Is it bigger than a dog? Where does it live? How many legs does it have? Is it covered in feathers? Does it have a backbone? What other questions could you ask to classify animals? Which of these questions is the most important when classifying animals?

22. 7D Classification - Vertebrates and invertebrates The most important question to ask when classifying animals is: Does it have a backbone? animal kingdom So the animal kingdom is divided into 2 groups: animals with backbones animals without backbones fish crab bird spider elephant worm snail

23. 7D Classification - Vertebrates and invertebrates These two groups of animals are given special names: animal kingdom animals with backbones animals without backbones invertebrates vertebrates Which name describes which group of animals? Which group do humans belong to?

24. 7D Classification - Vertebrates Vertebrates are classified into 5 groups. Complete the table of features for each type of vertebrate. mammals birds reptiles amphibians fish hairy or furry skin tough skin with scales soft, moist skin (no scales) body covering scales feathers how it breathes lungs lungs lungs lungs gills mostly on land mostly on land on land and in water on land in water where it lives how offspring are produced most young born alive lay eggs (in water) lay eggs lay eggs lay eggs

25. 7D Classification – Naming living things Classification divides each kingdom of living things into smaller and smaller groups. Kingdom Animal Plant Phylum Chordata Vascular Class Mammal Monocotyledon Lilidae Order Carnivore Family Canine Liliaceae Genus Canis Narcissus Species familiaris pseudonarcissus

26. 7D Classification – Naming living things • Scientists give all living things a special name with two parts: • the first part is the Genusname • - the second part is species name The scientific name for a domestic dog is Canis familiaris. Kingdom Animal Plant Phylum Chordata Vascular Mammal Monocotyledon Class Carnivore Lilidae Order Canine Liliaceae Family Narcissus Genus Canis familiaris pseudonarcissus Species What is the scientific name for a daffodil?

27. 7D Classification – Why is classification important? Living things have different “common” names in different languages. All living things have the same scientific name in any language. English goldfish French poisson rouge Spanish pez de colores German Goldfisch Italian pesce rosso scientific name Carassius auratus How does scientific classification make it easier for international scientists to talk about living things?

28. 7D Classification – Quiz 1. Sorting things into groups is called… a) magnification. b) fabrication. c) classification. 2.The largest type of group of living things is called a… a) kingdom. b) queendom. c) princedom.

29. 7D Classification – Quiz 3. The smallest type of group of living things is called a… a) vertebrate. b) species. c) fungus. 4. Why do scientists classify living things into groups? a) To list living things in alphabetical order. b) To see how living things are related to each other. c) To arrange living things in order of size.

30. 7D Classification – Quiz 5. Animals are divided into two main groups called… a) cats and dogs. b) fish and mammals. c) vertebrates and invertebrates. 6. What do vertebrates have in common? a) They all walk backwards. b) They all have a backpack. c) They all have a backbone.

31. 7D Classification – Quiz 7. What is the body covering on reptiles? a) Soft, moist skin with no scales. b) Soft, moist skin with scales. c) Tough, hard skin with scales. 8.Dolphins live in water and give birth to live young that feed off their mother's milk. What kind of vertebrate are dolphins? a) Mammals. b) Fish. c) Amphibians.  

32. 7D Classification – Quiz 9. The scientific name for a domestic cat is… a) Tiddles. b)Moggius domesticus. c)Felis catus. 10. The first part of the scientific naming system is… a) the Genius. b) the Genus. c) the Genie.