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Mastering Hard Drive Partitioning and Formatting for Windows Systems

Learn how to partition and format hard drives using Windows installation CD, set drive sizes, assign drive letters, create logical drives, manage disks with Disk Management, and troubleshoot common hard drive issues.

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Mastering Hard Drive Partitioning and Formatting for Windows Systems

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  1. Implementing Hard Drives

  2. Partitioning and Formatting Process

  3. Bootable Disks • Any removable media that has a bootable OS installed • Floppy, CD-ROM, USB thumb drive • All Windows and Linux installation CDs are bootable

  4. Partitioning and Formatting • With Windows Installation CD • During text portion of install • Can create single partition

  5. Partitioning and Formatting • With Windows Installation CD • Allows you to set the size of the drive • Minimum of 8MB up to size of drive

  6. Partitioning and Formatting • With Windows Installation CD • Can format the drive with a file system • NTFS Quick • NTFS Regular – checks the drive

  7. Partitioning and Formatting • With Windows Installation CD • Can create multiple partitions

  8. PATA Drive Letter Assignments • Primary partition of the: • Primary master drive • Primary slave drive • Secondary master drive • Secondary slave drive • Then all logical drives in the extended partition of the: • Primary master drive • Primary slave drive • Secondary master drive • Secondary slave drive C:D:E:F:

  9. SATA Drive Letter Assignments • Similar to PATA, but based on order set in CMOS • Primary partition of the first drive • Primary partition of the second drive • Primary partition of the third drive • Etc. • All logical drives in extended partition of first drive • All logical drives in extended partition of second drive • All logical drives in extended partition of third drive • Etc.

  10. Disk Management • GUI in Windows 2000,XP and vista • Used to manage partitions • Part of Computer Management • Can be launched directly with diskmgmt.msc Unallocated: 1-Empty space on HD (not Ex not Primary)

  11. Creating a New Partition • Alt-click in Unallocated space and choose New Partition…

  12. New Partition Wizard

  13. Disk Management • Creating a partition in Windows • Pick partition type, size, and assign drive letter • Then choose propitiate format type ( FAT16, FAT32 or NTFS)

  14. Creating a Logical Drive • Once an Extended partition is created, you may create logical drives in it

  15. Dynamic Disks • Dynamic Disks are a new type of storage available since Windows 2000 • Not available in XP Home (avail in XP Pro) • Avail in Server 2000 and 2003 • Can convert basic to dynamic • Converting dynamic to basic • causes all data to be lost • Regular drives are known as basic disks • Dynamic disks are divided into volumes instead of partitions

  16. Dynamic Disks • Spanning Volumes (one hard drive) • D: drive is spanned to include unallocated space • Effect is more space on D: volume C:\ Volume 10 GB D:\ Volume 10 GB 30 GB Unallocated space C:\ Volume 10 GB D:\ Volume 10 GB 30 GB Unallocated space C:\ Volume 10 GB D:\ Volume 40 GB

  17. Dynamic Disks • Extended Volumes (multiple hard drives) • Simple volume spanned across multiple disks • Effect is more space on D: volume C:\ Volume 10 GB D:\ Volume 10 GB New Disk – 80GB C:\ Volume 10 GB D:\ Volume 90 GB

  18. Dynamic Disks • Simple volume like a primary partition • Striped Volume (RAID-0) • Mirrored Volume (RAID-1) • Striped with Parity (RAID-5)

  19. Formatting a Partition • Can do in Windows Explorer • Can do in DiskManagement • But you cannot format current partition or primary partition.

  20. Maintaining and Troubleshooting Hard Drives

  21. ScanDisk and CHKDSK • ScanDisk and CHKDSK check for bad clusters on hard drives • Also checks for invalid file names and tries to fix them • Looks for lost clusters or chains that do not have a filename associated with them and deletes them • Checks the links between parent and child folders • Launched via Error-Checking tools from Windows Explorer

  22. Error-Checking • Can check the drive • Can be set to automatically fix errors • Can scan for andrecover badsectors

  23. Defragmentation • Disk Defragmenter • Consider using regularly (monthly or weekly) • Will slow down system while running • If not done, system may slow down due to fragmentation • Can be scheduled

  24. Disk Cleanup • Allows you to purge system of unneeded files • Files in the Recycle Bin • Temporary Internet Files • Downloaded Program Files • Temporary Files • Allowed us to compress file.

  25. Troubleshooting • Three broad categories • Installation Errors • Data Corruption • Dying Hard Drives

  26. Troubleshooting Installation • Connectivity • Hard drive error • No fixed disks present • HDD controller failure • NO boot device available • Drive not found • Solutions include • Checking the cables to make sure they connected properly • Reseating the hard drive controller (if an expansion card) • Use autodetection in CMOS • Check the jumper settings • Some EIDE drives are incompatible on the same controller

  27. Troubleshooting Installation • CMOS • CMOS configuration mismatch • No boot device available • Drive not found • Missing OS • Solutions • Always run autodetect in CMOS

  28. Troubleshooting Installation • “Trying to recover lost allocation unit” indicates the drive is dying • Partitions • Failing to partition • Invalid drive specification error • Making the wrong size or type of partition • extend partition and you try to install OS • Format • Failing to format • Drive is not accessible • Invalid media type

  29. Troubleshooting Corruption • Data Corruption • Caused by many things such as power surges, accidental shutdowns, viruses, and more • Show up as • File is missing or corrupt • Download location information is damaged • Unable to load file • Cannot find command.com • Error loading operating system • Invalid boot.ini • Try running Error Checking utility

  30. Troubleshooting Installation • Corrupted data on bad sectors • The built-in error correction code (ECC) checks the drive for bad sectors • Disk checkers can be used for fixing problems pertaining to corrupted data

  31. Troubleshooting Dying HD • Dying hard drive • The following sounds indicate a drive about to die • Continuous high-pitched squeal • Series of clacks, a short pause, and then more clacks • Continuous grinding or rumbling • Boot drive issue would show up as “no boot device present” • Second drives simply do not show up

  32. Third Party Partition Tools • Third-party partition tools allow you to create, change, and delete partitions without destroying the data • PowerQuest’s Partition Magic • VCOM’s Partition Commander

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