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Combining paid work and family care-giving in Poland Jolanta Perek-Białas

Combining paid work and family care-giving in Poland Jolanta Perek-Białas Institute of Statisti c s and Demography, Warsaw School of Economics Institute of Sociology , Jagiellonian University in Cracow , Poland. IFA, Prague , Czech Republic 30.05.2012. Four possible situations.

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Combining paid work and family care-giving in Poland Jolanta Perek-Białas

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  1. Combiningpaidwork and family care-giving in Poland Jolanta Perek-Białas Institute of Statistics and Demography, Warsaw School of Economics Institute of Sociology, JagiellonianUniversityinCracow, Poland IFA, Prague, Czech Republic 30.05.2012 Jolanta Perek-Bialas, Warsaw School of Economics, Jagiellonian University

  2. Four possible situations More problems for families Dominant in the future Dominant in the past and still at present Less or even no problems for the state! Jolanta Perek-Bialas, Warsaw School of Economics, Jagiellonian University

  3. Main issue • This is important to think about conflict between increased employment rate of workers (female) and increased need for giving a care to older family members – solutions? • There is a need to think not only on macro organization of health care system but as well on mezo and micro level in these countries beyond the health care systems (regional differences) Jolanta Perek-Bialas, Warsaw School of Economics, Jagiellonian University

  4. Howitisorganized and whatarepreferences? • Polish society with its traditional family model considers care of a dependant older persons to be an obligation of a society and of primary importance to the wellbeing of seniors. • Different surveys show that the majority of society (like in the study of Kotowska 2008 as much as 90 %) think that the care of older people should be the duty of their children or other relatives (respectively 80%).

  5. Adult population who feel that dependent elderly people have to rely too much on their relatives Source:Health and long-term care in the European Union, Special Eurobarometer 283/ Wave 67.3 – TNS Opinion & Social, 2007 (selected countries) Jolanta Perek-Bialas, Warsaw School of Economics, Jagiellonian University

  6. Family vs. institutions • The importance of the family as the primary caregivers and the location of care in the household of the care recipients is undoubtful in opposition to the institutionalized care. • The study of Eurofamcare showed that 87% of respondents - carers declared that they would not place the older person in a care home institution under any circumstances. Only 11% would consider such an option if the condition of the person they cared for would worsen (Czekanowski 2006: 105).

  7. Attitudes regarding care for the elderly Source:Health and long-term care in the European Union, Special Eurobarometer 283/ Wave 67.3 – TNS Opinion & Social, 2007 (selected countries) Jolanta Perek-Bialas, Warsaw School of Economics, JagiellonianUniversity

  8. Availability and access to nursing homes Source:Health and long-term care in the European Union, Special Eurobarometer 283/ Wave 67.3 – TNS Opinion & Social, 2007 (selected countries) Jolanta Perek-Bialas, Warsaw School of Economics, JagiellonianUniversity

  9. WORK or/and CARE Employers (ASPA project) Working care giver (VW project) Not working persons who need to take care (Human Balance Capital) Jolanta Perek-Bialas, Warsaw School of Economics, Jagiellonian University

  10. Share of women and men who provide care for persons aged 60 and more by age (% of persons in age group) • Source: see Praca a obowiązki 2005, p. 39 and as well Szatur-Jaworska, Rysz-Kowalczyk 2007

  11. Social policy context • Current situation: so far exisiting standard measures including some financial allowonces and access to nursing services and nursing homes • i.e. 14 days of paid leave per year if someone is employed • Proposal: nursing insurance – initiative of the MP (leading party) and a group of experts – so called „Green book” launched in September 2010

  12. Working caregiver perspective VW project

  13. Typical conflicts at work • Lackof concentration and constant “thinking” of the care • Tiredness and stress, worsened physical condition (e.g spine aches) • Hindranceor limitationto their professional careers or working opportunities (taking part in trainings, conferneces, etc) • Changes to organization/hours of work(„bringingworkhome”, re-arrangingworkschedule, need to take a sickleave) • Lack of possibility for additionalincome • The self – employed : fewerconflicts, reconciliationeasier 21 personsreported „no impact” on worksituation

  14. Typical conflicts in private life • Lack of time „for everything” • Conflicts with family members (very often with siblings) • Everydaystress, hassle • Depression • Health deterioration • Abandonment of social life, limited possibility for relax and leisure activities

  15. Dimensions of help/support

  16. Support measures received by our working carers • HEALTH CARE SYSTEM • THIRD SECTOR • FRIENDS, • NEIGHBOURS

  17. Successful strategies Instrumentalstrategies • Family: • „networking” • „supplementing” • „linking method” • Logistics and good organization • Time out (leisure, sports) • Stress management/positivethinking • Work as balance • Thinkingahead Psychologicalstrategies

  18. Some needs and expectations • Towards different state stakeholders: • System of information • Daily care centers, especially in rural area • Increase number of hours of formal carers • Possibility to have support in case of emergency • Towards employers: • Work from home • Flexible working hours • Towards civil society: • Creating social networks (neighbouring support at local leven needed)

  19. Not working caregiver perspective Balance of Human Capital Survey, 2011

  20. NOT able to WORK because of CARE • 7% of respondents is saying that it makes difficult to find a job because of a need to take care of older family member • Mostly: • Women (~70%) • rural and cities between 100-199 th (13.6%) • 45-54 (31.5%) • Married/partners • Education Source: Human Capital Balance Survey, 2011, 2nd Wave Jolanta Perek-Bialas, Warsaw School of Economics, Jagiellonian University

  21. Employers perspective ASPA project

  22. Disruption from care responsibilities How often do family elder care responsibilities (e.g. towards parents, parents-in-law etc.) disrupt the daily work of older employees (50-plus)? Source: ASPA project, own calculation for selected countries, sample size of PL = 1044 Jolanta Perek-Bialas, Warsaw School of Economics, Jagiellonian University

  23. Work – care options (occasionally/often) • Abseentism/Sick leave - 46.9% • Reduce working hours - 28.2% • Retire early - 24% • Give up working - 9.5% • Increase working hours - 9.5% Q: Employees cope differently with the combination of work and family elder care responsibilities. To balance work and care, how often do older employees (50-plus) choose to ... Source: ASPA project, own calculation for selected countries, sample size of PL = 1044 Jolanta Perek-Bialas, Warsaw School of Economics, Jagiellonian University

  24. Some recommendations

  25. General recommendations 1. Various, tailored andadequate solutions of helping employed who have to work and care 2. More public debate with variousactors to implementvarious measures 3. Moreeducation and information to explain what could be done to help workingcaregivers

  26. Moreconcreterecommendations for reconciliationwork and care • Introduction flexible forms of work (ie. different hours) • special leaves of absence and allowances (the risk that the idea is great but who can finance it?) • support in care giving obligations (NGO’s) • special bonuses from employers (ie. financial and as well additional help)

  27. Moredetailedrecommendations for reconciliationwork and care • remuneration for the persons caring for their old relatives • enabling non-full time employment • assuring (by the State) public services for the care givers • organization of trainings and workshops dealing with the practical problems of caring for an older person • social actions promoting family bonds and raising awareness about the duties towards elderly parents

  28. References Activating Senior Potentials in Ageing Europe http://www.aspa-eu.com/ Jolanta Perek-Bialas, Warsaw School of Economics, Jagiellonian University

  29. References • Carers@Work • Between Job and Care: Conflict or Opportunity? • A Strategy for Securing Sustainable Future Care and Productivity Potentials in an Ageing Society - A European Comparison Project with J. Stypińska at the Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland http://www.carersatwork.tu-dortmund.de/en/index.php

  30. THANK YOU FOR ATTENTION!jolanta.perek-bialas@uj.edu.pl Jolanta Perek-Bialas, Warsaw School of Economics, Jagiellonian University

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