1 / 33

Ecology

Ecology. Environmental Factors: Biotic vs. Abiotic. Living Things (organisms) are Nonliving things are Biotic factors Abiotic factors. Levels of Organization. Atom (smallest unit of matter) Molecule (2 or more atoms put together)

delu
Download Presentation

Ecology

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Ecology

  2. Environmental Factors: Biotic vs. Abiotic Living Things (organisms) are Nonliving things are Biotic factors Abiotic factors

  3. Levels of Organization • Atom (smallest unit of matter) • Molecule (2 or more atoms put together) • Organelle (cell structure made of organic molecules) • Cell (smallest unit of life) • Tissue (a group of cells working together) • Organ (a group of tissues working together for a common function) • Organ System(a group of organs working together for a common function) • Organism (a independently functioning living thing)

  4. Levels of Organization • Organism • Population (a group of 1 species of organism) • Community (a group of 2 or more species of organisms) • Ecosystem (a community + abiotic factors) • Biome (a major group of similar ecosystems) • Biosphere (all of the areas of Earth that contain life)

  5. Trophic levels Producer  Primary  Secondary  Tertiary Consumer Consumer Consumer

  6. Food Web = ALL food chains in an ecosystem

  7. Trophic Levels 10% of energy is available to be TRANSFERRED to the NEXT trophic level. The rest is USED by the organism OR given off as HEAT. ENERGY Pyramid (Joules or Calories)

  8. Ecological Pyramids NUMBERS Pyramid (# of organisms in population) BIOMASS Pyramid (Kilograms)

  9. Niche = Job or Role in the ecosystem/habitat Trying to get the same RESOURCE in the same PLACE at the same TIME is called COMPETITION. Competitive Exclusion Principle = No 2 species can have the SAME EXACT NICHE.

  10. Competitive Exclusion Principle

  11. Symbiosis = 2 different SPECIES in a close relationship3 Types = Parasitism, Commensalism, & Mutualism Organism 1 Organism 2 Parasitism Commensalism Mutualism

  12. Symbiosis +/- +/0 Shark & Remora +/+

  13. Predator/Prey Relationship When PREY population increases in number, more PREDATORS are able to survive and reproduce. This causes more prey to be eaten and the PREY population will DECREASE. The predator population will then DECREASE because of a food shortage.

  14. Population Growth: Exponential Growth Rate EXPONENTIAL growth = CONSTANT growth rate Does NOT occur in NATURAL POPULATIONS because of LIMITED resources.

  15. Population Growth: Logistic Growth Rate LOGISTIC growth = experiences a period of EXPONENTIAL growth followed by a period of slowing down as the population reaches the CARRYING CAPACITY. Carrying capacity = MAXIMUM number of individuals that can be SUPPORTED by an ecosystem due to LIMITED RESOURCES. Carrying capacity = 0 growth rate (horizontal line)

  16. LOGISTIC EXPONENTIAL

  17. Limiting Factor = anything that limits POPULATION GROWTH Density Dependent Limiting Factor = resources or issues that are only a problem when there is OVERCROWDING. Examples = FOOD, WATER, MATES, DISEASE, PREDATION Density Independent Limiting Factor = any issue that affects ALL populations regardless of population SIZE. Examples = HUMAN ACTIVITIES & NATURAL DISASTERS

  18. Ecological Succession = life cycle of an ECOSYSTEM(how it changes in response to disturbances) Primary Succession = starts on BARE ROCK (NO SOIL) because of GLACIERS MOVING or VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS; takes longer; pioneer species = LICHEN, MOSS, ALGAE Secondary Succession = starts on BARE SOIL (NO PLANTS) because of AGRICULTURE or NATURAL DISASTER (FIRE) Climax community = STABLE mature ecosystem

More Related