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UNIT 1 ENGINE OPERATING PRINCIPLE

UNIT 1 ENGINE OPERATING PRINCIPLE. 蒋 芳 吴喜骊. Basic Content. Aims and Requirements New Words Phrases and Expressions Notes to the Text Specialized Knowledge Exercises. Aims and Requirements. List engine types List the main components of an engine Explain how an engine works

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UNIT 1 ENGINE OPERATING PRINCIPLE

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  1. UNIT 1 ENGINE OPERATING PRINCIPLE 蒋 芳 吴喜骊

  2. Basic Content Aims and Requirements New Words Phrases and Expressions Notes to the Text Specialized Knowledge Exercises

  3. Aims and Requirements List engine types List the main components of an engine Explain how an engine works List strokes of a two-stroke engine Describe disadvantages of two-stroke engine

  4. New Words principle [5prinsEpl] n. 原则，原理 stroke [strEuk] n. 行程，冲程 gasoline [5^AsEli:n] n. 汽油 cylinder [5silindE] n. 圆筒，汽缸，柱面 combustion [kEm5bQstFEn] n. 燃烧 ideal [ai5diEl] n. 理想 vaporize [5veipEraIz] v.（使）蒸发 tremendous [tri5mendEs] adj. 巨大的 identify [ai5dentifai] vt. 识别，鉴别 arrange [E5reindV] v. 安排，排列

  5. New Words configuration[kEn7fi^ju5reiFEn] n.构造 popular [5pCpjulE] adj.流行的 row [rau] n.排，行 piston [5pistEn] n.活塞 crankshaft [5krANkFB:ft] n.曲轴 bank [bANk] n.银行，一排，组 flat [flAt] adj.平坦的；n.平面 oppose [E5pEuz] vt.使对立；vi.反对 bore [bC:] n. 孔；v. 钻孔 individual [7indi5vidjuEl] adj.个别的，单独的

  6. New Words pump [pQmp] n. 泵；vt. 抽吸 pedal [5pedl] n. 踏板；v. 踩…的踏板 bolt [bEult] n. 螺栓；v. 用螺栓紧固 seal [si:l] n. 密封；vt. 封，密封 cast [kB:st] n. 铸件；v. 浇铸 aluminum [E5lju:minEm] n. 铝 iron [5aiEn] n. 铁，铸铁 multiple [5mQltipl] adj.多样的；v.成倍增加 efficiency [i5fiFEnsi] n. 效率，功效 camshaft [5kAmFB:ft] n. 凸轮轴

  7. New Words lobe [lEub] n. 凸齿，凸角 lifter [5liftE] n. 挺杆，挺柱 spring [spriN] n. 弹簧，弹力 trap [trAp] vt. 诱入，收集 squeeze [skwi:z] n. 压榨；v. 挤压 original [E5ridVEnEl] adj. 最初的，原始的 volume [5vRlju:m] n. 体积，容积 expansion [iks5pAnFEn] n. 扩充，膨胀 propel [prE5pel] vt. 推进，驱使 expel [iks5pel] v. 驱逐，开除，排出

  8. New Words revolution [7revE5lu:FEn] n.旋转，转数 violent [5vaiElEnt]adj.猛烈的，强烈的

  9. Phrases and Expressions internal combustion engine 内燃机 connecting rod 连杆 intake valve 进气门 exhaust valve 排气门 by means of 利用，依靠 spark plug 火花塞 cylinder head　　　　　　　　 气缸盖 cast aluminum 铸铝 valve lifter 气门挺柱 double overhead camshaft (DOHC)双顶置凸轮轴

  10. Phrases and Expressions single overhead camshaft (SOHC)单顶置凸轮轴 intake stroke 进气冲程 compression stroke 压缩冲程 power stroke 作功冲程 exhaust stroke 排气冲程 compression ratio 压缩比 air-fuel mixture 空燃混合气

  11. Notes to the Text [1] One part of gas that is completely vaporized into 14.7 parts of air can produce tremendous power when ignited inside an engine. 1份燃油在14.7份空气中完全蒸发，在发动机内点燃它，会产生强大的爆发力。

  12. Notes to the Text [2] These engines are sometimes named for the number of valves that they have such as “24 Valve V6” which indicates a V6 engine with four valves per cylinder. 这些发动机有时采用气门数量来命名，比如“24 Valve V6”表示V6发动机，每缸四气门。

  13. Notes to the Text [3] A common configuration is to have one camshaft located in the engine block with the lifters connecting to the valves through a series of linkages. 通常发动机缸体内有一根凸轮轴，凸轮经过一套连接装置使挺柱及与气门联动。

  14. Notes to the Text [4] The combustion process pushes the piston down the cylinder with great force turning the crankshaft to provide the power to propel the vehicle. 燃烧过程中产生的巨大推力使活塞沿着气缸下行，转动曲轴，为汽车行驶提供动力。

  15. Notes to the Text [5] The piston travels up to the top of the cylinder pushing all the exhaust out before closing the exhaust valve in preparation for starting the four stroke process over again. 活塞上行到气缸顶部，在排气门关闭之前将废气推出，准备开始下一个四冲程循环。

  16. Specialized Knowledge Fig.1-1 Typical cylinder arrangement In-line4 V8 Flat6

  17. Specialized Knowledge Fig.1-2 Piston and connecting rod Fig.1-3 Crankshaft

  18. Specialized Knowledge Fig.1-4 Camshaft

  19. Specialized Knowledge Fig.1-5 Engine strokes 1-intake valve 2-valve cover 3-intake port 4-head 5-coolant 6-engine block 7-oil pan 8-camshaft 9-exhaust valve 10-spark plug 11-exhaust port 12-cylinder 13-piston 14-connecting rod 15-crankshaft 16-oil

  20. Specialized Knowledge Fig.1-6 Two-stroke cycle Combustion stroke Compression stroke

  21. Specialized Knowledge Intake Compression Power Exhaust Engine strokes

  22. Specialized Knowledge Cylinder head with cover Cylinder head gasket Cylinder block and crankcase

  23. Specialized Knowledge Audi RS 6 engine (4.2 l, 331 kW) The engine was developed on the basis of the 250 kW V8 engine of the Audi S6. The aim was to create an engine achieving a high torque level at a low engine speed.

  24. Specialized Knowledge Type: 8-cyl. 5-valve four-stroke, petrol engine in 90° V arrangement Power: 331 kW at 5700 - 6400 rpm Torque: 560 Nm at 1950 - 5600 rpm Max. engine speed: 6700 rpm Bore: 84.5 x 93 mm Compression ratio: 9.8 : 1 Firing order: 1-5-4-8-6-3-7-2 Weight: 230 kg

  25. Exercises (1) What are the most pistons made from? (2) How does the piston transfer to the crankshaft? (3) What is the piston assembly made up of? (4) What is the shape of piston crown? (5) How many piston rings does each piston have in modern engine? (6) What is the function of piston rings?

  26. Exercises (7) Why is the split of the big end sometimes at an angle? (8) What is the crankshaft usually made from? (9) Where is the flywheel mounted? (10) What is the function of flywheel?

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