“Fad-Diets”

1. “Fad-Diets” Presented October 21, 2004 IVCC Chemistry Club National Chemistry Week 2004 Julie Sherbeyn – Health & Wellness Instructor

2. Some History… • B.Sears: • The Zone Diet (40, 30, 30) • G. Harrop: • Liquid Diet (skim milk & bananas) • S. Graham: • Vegetarian • No: alcohol, • tea, or coffee • Yes: crackers • H. Tarnower: • Scarsdale Diet • (high protein, low calorie) • J. Mazel: • Beverly Hills Diet (all fruit) early mid 1830 1890 1938 1972 1978 1979 1981 1990’s 1990’s 2002 • N. Pritikin: • Pritikin Diet (low fat) • A. Agatston: • South Beach Diet • H. Fletcher: • “The Great Masicator • Low meat • High carbs & veggies • R. Atkins: • Atkins Diet (high protein, low carb) • D. Ornish: • Vegetarian and extremely low fat http://www.channel4.com/science/microsites/B/bodystory/fat_diets.html

3. 2000 Dietary Guidelines • Aim for fitness • Aim for a healthy weight. • Be physicall active each day. • Build a healthy base • Let the Pyramid guide your food choices. • Eat a variety of grains daily, especially whole grains. • Eat a variety of fruits and vegetablesdaily. • Keep foods safe to eat. • Choose sensibly • Choose a diet that is low in saturated fat and cholesterol and moderate in total fat. • Choose beverages and foods to moderate your intake of sugars. • Choose and prepare foods with less salt. • If you drink alcoholic beverages, do so in moderation.

4. ©2001 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license. Fig. 6.2: The food guide pyramid

5. ©2001 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license. ©2001 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license. The Mediterranean diet

6. Biochemistry… • Energy Sources • Carbohydrate • Fat • Protein • Fat metabolism • Ketosis • Catabolism • Positive and Negative nitrogen balance

7. How much? • Carbohydrate 55-60% • Fat 30% • Saturated < 10% • Protein 10-15% • Most adults - 0.8g/kg BW • Nonvegetarian endurance athletes – 1.2 to 1.4g/kg BW • Nonvegetarian strength athletes – 1.6 to 1.7g/kg BW • Vegetarian endurance athletes – 1.3 to 1.5g/kg BW • Vegetarian strength athletes – 1.7 to 1.8g/kg BW (Body Weight in pounds / 2.2 = kg BW)

8. Energy Balance… • Input is energy consumed as calories from food. • Output is energy expended at rest, eating, and in activity. energy in = energy out: weight change energy in > energy out: weight energy in < energy out: weight

9. The answer… Eat less. Exercise more. Lose weight. So UnAmerican!

10. References: • Johnson, R., Kennedy, E. The 2000 Dietary Guidelines for Americans: What are the changes and why were they made?Annual Editions: Nutrition 04/05, 16th ed. Dubuque, IA: McGraw-Hill/Dushkin, 2004. • Hales, D. An Invitation to Health, 11th ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Thomson Learning, 2003. • Thompson, J. and Manore, M. Nutrition: An Applied Approach, San Francisco, CA: Pearson Education Benjamin Cummings, 2005. • McArdle, W., Katch, F., and Katch, V. Exercise Physiology: Energy, Nutrition, and Human Performance, 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lea & Febiger, 1991.