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PENNY LAB A Guide to Completing Your Scientific Method Booklet!

PENNY LAB A Guide to Completing Your Scientific Method Booklet!. Introduction: The first set of slides will say what each page of the booklet needs;. The second set of slides will try to give examples . --They will have different backgrounds. Pg 2 = Prblm Stmnt, Rsrch, Hypoth.

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PENNY LAB A Guide to Completing Your Scientific Method Booklet!

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  1. PENNY LAB A Guide to Completing Your Scientific Method Booklet!

  2. Introduction: The first set of slides will say what each page of the booklet needs; The second set of slides will try to give examples. --They will have different backgrounds.

  3. Pg 2 = Prblm Stmnt,Rsrch, Hypoth Pg 3 = Proce- dure Cover Pg 6 & 7 = Conclusion Pg 5 = Analysis Back Cover, pg 8 = “extra space” Pg 4 = Data

  4. PENNY LAB – Title Page needs… Title– that relates to the lab Your Name Partner’s Name Section Due Date(to be determined)

  5. PENNY LAB – Page 2 Problem Statement = what you’re trying to figure out RESEARCH = background info to understand the lab At least 3 facts w/citations Citation needs name of article and web link

  6. PENNY LAB – Page 2 con’t HYPOTHESIS = independent variable manipulated variable If (=what’s changed) then dependent variable responding variable (=what’s measured) because(briefly explain why) If [I do this], then[this will happen]because[of this reasoning].

  7. PENNY LAB – Page 3 PROCEDURE always needs… Safety what do we need to be careful with/about? Operational Definition how will the dependent variable be measured? Set-up Sketch toshow how equipment was set up for the lab Clean up what do you have to do to clean up?

  8. PENNY LAB – Page 4 DATA & Collaboration Data Tables one w/your data; one w/collaboration data from 3 other groups Observations write down at least 2 things you noticed during the experiment Sketch/es these can support your observations; 1 picture can be worth a 1000 words

  9. PENNY LAB – Page 5 ANALYSIS is all about… Graphs made using your data and collaboration data Inferences write down what you can figure out from your graphs Collaboration ALWAYS include / write about your collaboration data as well as your own data!!

  10. PENNY LAB – Pages 6 & 7 CONCLUSION…needs 2 pages! Restate your problem question Variables list what your variables and operational definition were Explain Here’s where you show if your data proves or disproves your hypothesis; this is always worth a lot of points because this is where you show your THINKING and that you understood what you did 

  11. PENNY LAB – Pages 6 & 7 CONCLUSION…continued Sources of Error* what went wrong? What could you have done better or differently? What’s Next?* What are you curious about now because of this experiment? New & Cool* What are 2 new things you learned from this experiment? What are 2 cool things you did or learned from this experiment? * at least 2!

  12. PENNY LAB – Page 8 The Back Cover You can use this if you need more room for any of the other pages. – OR – it can be the back cover!Have some fun and be creative, but never leave it blank!!

  13. Next, are the sample pages. Remember, you must DEFINE/explain the step, and then DO the step!

  14. Title: Penny Lab Mrs. Spiegel Partner: Harvey the Hawk Section 7-A Due: Sept. 31, 2010

  15. Research = background info Copper has a hardness of 3.2-3.5; zinc has a hardness of 2.5; steel is 7 Source: Mohs scale of mineral hardness; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohs_scale_of_mineral_hardness From 1793 – 1837, the penny was pure copper. For the next 20 years, the penny was bronze, which is copper, tin and zinc. From 1857 – 1863 the cent looked whitish because it was made of copper with 12% nickel. For the next 98 years (1864-1962!) the penny was again bronze, except for 1943. Because of the need for copper during WW II, the cent was zinc-coated steel in 1943. In 1962 the tin was removed from pennies, making them 95% copper and 5% zinc. In 1982 this was changed to 97.5% zinc and 2.5% copper Source: The Composition of the Cent, http://www.usmint.gov/about_the_mint/fun_facts/?flash=yes&action=fun_facts2

  16. Problem Statement = what I’m trying to figure out = How many drops fit on a penny? Hypothesis (format) If(independent/manipulated variable) then(dependent/responding variable) because(briefly explain why) My Hypothesis = If pennies made of different metals have water dropped on them, thenharder pennies will hold less dropsbecausethe harder metals will make the water splash more.

  17. Procedure always has these 4 parts Safety -- be careful about…. -- wear goggles Operational Definition how the dependent variable is measured number of drops will be one less than overflow Set-up Sketch: How the equipment was used Clean up what needs to be done at the end of the lab Wipe down table Return flasks & other equipment to back counter Throw used paper towels into trash.

  18. Data & Collaboration Includes data tables, observations & sketches Observations: My Group’s Data I didn’t think water would pile up and make such a big mound on a penny! The 3 pennies really looked different from each other Collaboration Data 1943 1963 1984 (OK, so I “cheated” b/c this is PowerPoint and I used Google to find pictures instead of making sketches… )

  19. Collaboration Graph Analysis = graphs & inferences My Group’s Graph Inferences: Both graphs show that the 1943 penny held the most drops, the 1984 held the second highest number of drops and the 1963 penny held the least amount of drops. It can be inferred that the 1943 penny holds more water than the 1963 or 1984 pennies.

  20. Conclusion – has many parts Restate problem question How many drops can fit on a penny? Variables restate/list what variables and operational definition were Independent = year of penny Dependent = number of drops Op Defn = one drop before overflow

  21. Conclusion – con’t 1 Explain = show how data proves or disproves hypothesis All the graphs show that the 1943 penny held the most drops. This data does not support the hypothesis because the 1943 is the hardest penny. It is steel. The research said zinc is a softer metal than copper and copper is softer than steel. I now understand that the “softness” of a metal does not seem to “cushion” the drops. Instead, all the data shows that the harder pennies held more drops.

  22. Conclusion – con’t 2 Sources of Error what went wrong? What could you have done better or differently? We had a hard time keeping the pipette at 2 cm. Sometimes we jiggled the paper towel and the water spilled off the penny. What’s Next? What are you curious about now because of this experiment? What would it be like to compare silver dollars with nickels? Would the tails sides have different results?

  23. Conclusion – con’t 3 New & Cool at least 2 new things & 2 cool things you did or learned from this experiment I learned that there’s a “method” to the scientific method and if you follow it, it’s pretty easy! I learned that different metals affect how many drops a penny can hold. I never knew pennies were bronze for almost 100 years. I’m glad we got to decide which variable we wanted to use in our experiment.

  24. Back Cover – can be used as extra room for any step, or as a back cover! Never leave it empty! Science ROCKS!

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