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PREGNANCY & FETAL DEVELOPMENT

PREGNANCY & FETAL DEVELOPMENT. Sperm are made in the testes. Tail helps the sperm to swim so it can find the egg. Very little cytoplasm so it can swim fast. Special chemicals at the tip help the sperm to get into the egg. Eggs are made in the ovaries.

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PREGNANCY & FETAL DEVELOPMENT

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  1. PREGNANCY & FETAL DEVELOPMENT

  2. Sperm are made in the testes. Tail helps the sperm to swim so it can find the egg Very little cytoplasm so it can swim fast Special chemicals at the tip help the sperm to get into the egg

  3. Eggs are made in the ovaries. Jelly coat means that only one sperm can get into the egg. Lots of cytoplasm so there is lots of food for the new baby.

  4. It only takes one sperm to get into the egg to make a baby. When a sperm joins with an egg, this is how a new baby starts.

  5. Stages of Reproduction Fertilization~ Joining of an egg and a sperm in the fallopian tube

  6. Pregnancy – this is when a baby grows inside a woman. The baby grows inside the womb (the uterus). It is protected by a bag of water, and gets food from the woman through the placenta.

  7. Embryo: A fertilized egg in the first 2 months of pregnancy Fetus: From the 3rd month on the embryo is called a fetus.

  8. BABY DEVELOPMENT

  9. (Adapted from Introduction to Biology, D.G.Makean; published by John Murray 1971) (a)Eggs are produced in organ X. What is the name of organ X? (b) The baby grows in a bag of amniotic fluid which is inside organ Y. What is the name of organ Y? (c)Through which part, labeled in the diagram, is food passed from the mother to the baby? (d) Name one useful substance, other than food, which passes from the mother to the unborn baby. (e)The diagram shows an organ system of the mother’s body. What is the name of this organ system?

  10. The Placenta • Organ attached to the inside of the uterus and connected to the fetus by the umbilical cord. • Produces pregnancy-related hormones • “Trading-post” between mother and baby (the baby gets oxygen and nutrients from the mother this way) • Mother/baby’s blood never mixes • Pancake-shaped organ

  11. The Umbilical Cord • A cord that attaches placenta to the fetus • Can be 60 cm long • Carries oxygen and nutrients from placenta to fetus, carries fetus’s blood back to placenta • When this is cut, it forms your belly button!

  12. The Amniotic Sac • Sac containing the fetus • Thin but tough pair of transparent membranes • Filled with amniotic fluid (at maximum, it contains 1 L of fluid)

  13. Amniotic Fluid • A protective liquid in the amniotic sac, surrounds fetus • Cushions fetus against blows to mother’s abdomen • Inhaled and exhaled by fetus • Promotes fetal development • Keeps a constant temperature

  14. Fertilization

  15. 30 hours after fertilization

  16. WEEK 3-5 The baby’s tiny heart begins to beat by day 21.  The arms, legs eyes, lips and nose begin to grow.

  17. WEEK 7 The organs start to grow inside the baby. The baby starts to move.

  18. WEEK 8-12 The baby has hands and feet, and swims and moves inside the bag of water.

  19. First 3 Months FIRST TRIMESTER 4th Week • Heart starts beating • Arm and leg buds appear • Eyes and brain begin to develop • Embryo is less than ¼ of an inch long Start of the 8th week Developing human is called a fetus • Brain waves can be detected • Muscle movements begin • Bones and muscles are developing • All major body parts have formed Umbilical Cord Connects the embryo to the placenta

  20. Weeks 13-20 The baby can swallow, and starts to try breathing. It can feel pain, and moves around a lot. It has eyebrows and eyelashes now.

  21. Week 20-24 The baby has hand and footprints. It practices breathing.

  22. Weeks 25 – 32 The baby’s eyes open and close, and it sleeps 90% of the time.

  23. Months 4-6 SECOND TRIMESTER • Organ systems continue to develop • By 4 months – mother can feel the fetus move or “kick” • Reproductive organs can be recognized as distinctly male or female • Fetus can hear and recognize voices • Hair forms on the head

  24. Weeks 33 – 40 The baby is getting ready to be born. It turns upside down before it is born.

  25. Months 7-9 THIRD TRIMESTER • Time when the fetus gains most of its weight • Most fetuses are about 20 inches • Brain develops further • All other organs are almost complete • Fetus can grasp with his/her hands • Fetus’s skin becomes smooth – fat deposits underneath the skin • Nervous system will continue to develop after birth

  26. Newborn baby

  27. Stages of Birth: • Labor – mild contractions pushes the • baby against the cervix • 2. Birth – Baby pushes through the cervix • and into the birth canal. • 3. After birth – After the baby is delivered, • the placenta separates and is delivered.

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