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Primate Order

Primate Order. Anamalia, Vertebrata, Chordata, Mammalia. Primate Classification. P rimates – monkeys, lemurs, gorillas, chimps, humans, etc. Primates cont. Family Hominoidea (hominid) – great apes (gorilla, orangutans, chimps & bonobos), humans (living and extinct)

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Primate Order

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  1. Primate Order Anamalia, Vertebrata, Chordata, Mammalia

  2. Primate Classification Primates – monkeys, lemurs, gorillas, chimps, humans, etc.

  3. Primates cont. • Family Hominoidea (hominid)– great apes (gorilla, orangutans, chimps & bonobos), humans (living and extinct) • Hominins – chimps, bonobos, and humans (living and extinct) • Genus Homo – the humans

  4. Primates • hair or fur • warm-blooded • live young • suckle • infant dependence • social life • play • observation and imitation • pecking order Common Primate Traits

  5. Primate Family Tree Orangutan Crown lemur

  6. Ardipithecus genus • 1st homonims? • Africa (Ethiopia) • 6 mya – 4 mya • teeth more similar to hominins than chimps • probably not bipedal • lived in woodlands and grasslands

  7. Australopithecus genus • 4 mya – 2 mya • throughout E Africa • ate fruits, vegetables & tubers • small brain but likely bipedal • not tool users • evolved into Homo habilis

  8. Hominin Evolution • Homo habilis (2.0 – 1.6mya) • H. erectus (1.9-70kyBP) • H. neanderthalensis (300-30kyBP) • H. sapiens (200kyBP – present) • ~ 20 different homo species Scale: Millions of Years BP

  9. Hominid Evolution

  10. Homo habilis: 2.3-1.6 mya • first humans • In Africa • toolmaker • probable meat-eater • possibly arboreal (woodlands) • no speech Artist’s representation of a Homo habilis band as it might have existed two million years ago.

  11. Homo erectus 1.8 mya to 70 000 yrs BP • evolved in Africa and migrated to Asia • bigger brains • more complex tools • walked completely upright • lived in small groups (bands) • fire • cooked meat • used furs • language unlikely • may have made sounds • possibly wiped out by Toba supereruption? (~ 70 000 yrs BP in Indonesia)

  12. Homo neandertalensis • 300 000 – 30 000 yrs BP • Europe • massive brains (as large or larger than ours) • large torso, short limbs, broad nasal passages • carnivores, adapted to cold climates • co-existed with homo sapiens • DNA testing shows human DNA contains 4-5% Neandertal DNA

  13. Homo sapiens • Archaic – 200,000 to 35,000 years BP • Homo sapiens • Modern – 35,000 years BP to present • Anatomically modern • Homo sapiens sapiens

  14. Modern Homo Sapiens • Multiregional Model • Humans evolved more or less simultaneously across the entire Old World from several ancestral populations. • Rapid-Replacement Model (Out of Africa) • Humans evolved only once--in Africa --and then migrated throughout the Europe and Asia, replacing their ancestors • mDNA evidence supports this

  15. Out of Africa • JOURNEY OF MANKIND - The Peopling of the World • The Real Eve DVD

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