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THE FRENCH REVOLUTION

THE FRENCH REVOLUTION. CRISIS OF THE FRENCH MONARCHY Louis XV 1715-1774 & Louis XVI (1774-1792) DEBT TAXES Peasants shoulder tax burden but have the least money ARISTOCRACY & CLERGY Aristocracy wants more influence & clergy protect entitlements

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THE FRENCH REVOLUTION

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  1. THE FRENCH REVOLUTION • CRISIS OF THE FRENCH MONARCHYLouis XV 1715-1774 & Louis XVI (1774-1792) DEBT • TAXES Peasants shoulder tax burden but have the least money • ARISTOCRACY & CLERGY Aristocracy wants more influence & clergy protect entitlements • ENLIGHTENMENTliberty & equality of opportunity radical & revolutionary idea. Liberalism: primary role of gov’t to protect & promote rights of individual. Ideals of E. can be realized but not supported by the masses!

  2. THE ESTATES GENERAL • Duke of Orleans regent for LXV: parlements restored & absolutism challenged • New tax increases attempted but failed under Louis XV • Louis XV bad reputation hurt monarchy • Louis XVI rule leads France towards financial crisis & political upheaval • Louis XVI must call Estates General 1788: 1st time since 1614

  3. ESTATES GENERAL BECOMES NATIONAL ASSEMBLY JUNE 20, 1789 • ORGANIZATION & VOTING 2 MAJOR ISSUES • 3RD DEMANDS THEY ALL SIT TOGETHER • OLD REGIME CEASED TO CORRESPOND W/ SOCIAL REALITY OF 1780’S • TENNIS COURT OATH – role of 3rd estates middle class • CONSTITUTIONAL MON-ARCHY: LIBERTY GUARAN-TEED BY LAW

  4. THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY • LIMITED MONARCHY – 1ST STAGE OF THE REVOLUTION • DECLARATION OF THE RIGHTS OF MAN • NATIONALIZED CHURCH PROPERTY • ESTABLISHED METRIC SYSTEM • CONFLICT WITH CATHOLIC CHURCH 1ST FAILURE • ABOLISHED FRENCH NOBILITY AS A LEGAL ORDER • SOME RELIGIOUS FREEDOM TO JEWS & PROTESTANTS

  5. REVOLT OF THE POOR & OPPRESSED • ECONOMIC DEPRESSION & AGRICULTURAL FAILURE • SOARING PRICES OF BREAD • STORM BASTILLE 7/14/89 • GREAT FEAR; 8/4/79 ARIST- OCRACY RENOUNCES PRIV-ILEGES • ROLE OF WOMEN • 10/5/89 WOMEN MARCH • THREATEN QUEEN & ROYAL FAMILY FORCED TO LIVE IN PARIS

  6. THE RECONSTRUCTION OF FRANCE1791-1799 • REFLECTIONS ON THE REVOLUTION IN FRANCE E. BURKE 1790 • DEFENSE OF CONSERVATISM – REVOLUTION A MISTAKE • A VINDICATION OF THE RIGHTS OF MAN ’92 M. WOLLSTONECRAFT • REVOLUTION ONLY WHEN RIGHTS ARE EXTENDED TO ALL PEOPLE • REVOLUTION WELCOMED BY EUROPEAN MONARCHS INITIALLY BUT BEGIN TO FEAR POWER OF REVOLUTION & EUROPE PREPARES FOR WAR WITH FRANCE

  7. POLITICAL REORGANIZATION • JACOBINS DOMINATE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY 1791 • MORE RADICAL REVOLUTION-ARIES THAN PREVIOUS REPS. • DECLARE WAR ON PRUSSIA APRIL 1792 – if they’re going to declare war on us let’s beat them to the punch. • WAR BETWEEN FRANCE & EUROPE – GOES BADLY BUT PARIS IS SAVED • RUMORS & RHETORIC • CALLS FOR NEW NATIONAL ASSEMBLY • MONARCHY DYING

  8. THE SECOND REVOLUTION 1792-1793 • RAPID RADICALIZATION OF REVOLUTION • FRANCE BECOMES A REPUBLIC 9/1792 • DEATH OF LOUIS XVI 7/93 • CONTINUATION OF WAR • COMMITTEE OF PUBLIC SAFETY • ROBESPIERRE • REIGN OF TERROR

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