Chapter 15 Preventing Sexually Transmitted Disease

1. Chapter 15Preventing Sexually Transmitted Disease

2. Sexually Transmitted Disease 90 % of STD’s occur among persons from 15 – 29. There are over 25 known STDs, some of which are incurable. Risks increase: More sexual partners Alcohol and drug use

3. Curable and Incurable STDs Bacterial (curable) Chlamydia Gonorrhea Syphilis Viral (incurable) AIDS Genital herpes Genital warts Hepatitis B

4. What is HIV and AIDS? AIDS Aquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome is caused by HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus HIV attacks lymphocytes (white blood cells) called T-cells. The reduction of T-cells results in a weakened immune system The AIDS diagnosis is made once opportunistic diseases occur. Many AIDS victims can survive for many years with the use of antiretroviral therapy, which delays AIDS progression

5. HIV Symptoms There may be no symptoms for up to 10 to 12 years until the immune system is suppressed enough to cause problems Symptoms: Chronic fatigue Swollen lymph gland Unexplained weight loss Fevers, and night sweats.

6. How Is HIV Transmitted Through bodily fluids : Blood, semen, vaginal secretions and breast milk. Sexual intercourse with an HIV carrier. Sharing of hypodermic needles. Pregnant women to their fetus Mother to their baby (breast milk). Blood transfusions (Rare)

7. HIV: What is Safe? Safe Casual contact. Hugging. Eating after. Massage. Masturbation. Insects. Unsafe Vaginal sex. Anal sex. Oral sex. Deep kissing. Multiple partners. Sharing needles.

8. Should I Be Tested? Be tested if: You have had any STD. Shared drug needles. Had sex with a prostitute. Had sex with a man who had sex with another man. Had unprotected sex with three or more partners. Remember: Could take 3 to 6 months before antibodies appear in blood. No symptoms during incubation. Wait to be tested until 6 months with no risk behavior.

9. Genital Herpes: Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) No Cure Transmission Direct contact with infectious blisters or sores usually on genitals, anus, or mouth. Diagnosis Visual examination and tissue culture. Treatment Medications (acyclovir) Danger Can be fatal to infants who acquire the disease.

10. Genital Herpes Incubation : 2-12 days Typical Symptoms Painful blisters or sores form (heal in 2 to 4 weeks). Sores may reappear throughout life Reoccurrences stimulated by stress, fatigue, and illness

11. Genital Warts: Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) No Cure Transmission Direct contact with visible or non visible warts in genital area. Diagnosis Visual examination, tissue cultures. Pap smears can detect warts not visible. Common cause of cervical cancer. Treatment Freezing, laser, chemical prep, and surgery. Danger HPV causes cervical cancer. Pap smears are important.

12. Genital Warts Incubation Range from 1-8 months. Typical Symptoms May have no symptoms Flat or round bumps with cauliflowerlike appearance

13. Hepatitis B: Virus No Cure Transmission Vaginal, anal and oral sex, sharing needles, and mother to baby. Diagnosis Blood test. Treatment A vaccine is available.

14. Hepatitis B Liver  Incubation 1 – 9 months People can carry the virus with no active infection (and spread to others) Typical Symptoms None Flu-like feelings, itching, and joint pain. Dangers Progressive destruction of liver cells, cirrhosis, or liver cancer.

15. Chlamydia: Bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis Transmission Sexual contact and hand to eye. Incubation 7-14 days or longer. Typical Symptoms Up to 80% of women and 50% of men have no symptoms. Discharge, itching, burning, painful urination, and flu-like symptoms. Diagnosis Culture tests of discharge Treatment Curable with certain antibiotics (not penicillin). Danger If untreated, can cause Pelvic Inflammatory Disease.

16. Gonorrhea: Bacteria Transmission Direct contact between mucous membranes, i.e., genitals, anus, and mouth. Diagnosis Microscopic observation of discharge. Culture from site. Treatment Curable with antibiotics. Some strains may become resistant. Danger Can cause PID and sterility in men and women.

17. Gonorrhea: Bacteria