1 / 17

Musculoskeletal Disorders in Children

Musculoskeletal Disorders in Children. Judy Hovelson. Causes. Nonintentional injury School: playground/gym Sports Automobile accidents Child Abuse Congenital syndromes Diseases. * Immobilization*. Inability to move Weakness, injury Casts/Traction Congenital Defects.

dena
Download Presentation

Musculoskeletal Disorders in Children

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Musculoskeletal Disorders in Children Judy Hovelson

  2. Causes • Nonintentional injury • School: playground/gym • Sports • Automobile accidents • Child Abuse • Congenital syndromes • Diseases

  3. *Immobilization* • Inability to move • Weakness, injury • Casts/Traction • Congenital Defects

  4. Physiologic effects • Significant loss of muscle strength, endurance and muscle mass • Bone demineralization leading to osteoporosis • Loss of joint mobility and contractures

  5. Other Organ Effects • Cardiovasular • Orthostatic hypotension, increased workload, thrombus formaiton • Nursing considerations??? • Respiratory • Reduced muscle power, reduced chest expansion • Nursing considerations??

  6. Continued.. • Gastrointestinal System • Risk of aspiration • Slowing of stool • Renal System • Bone demineralization leads to calculi formation • Neurological changes may change bladder sensation and cues • Urine may back up due to horizontal positioning

  7. Continued… • Metabolism • Negative nitrogen balance reltaed to tissue breakdown • Decreased and inappropriate nutrition can occur • Nursing considerations??? • Skin • Poor circulation, mechanical irritation, hygiene issues, prolonged pressure • Nursing Considerations???

  8. Psychological Effects of Immobilization • When sensory deprivation is assoicated: • Restlessness, difficulty problem solving, inability to concentrate, depression, regression, egocentrism • Monotony leads to: • Sluggish intellectual and psychomotor responses, decreased communication skills, hallucinations, disorientaion, dependence and acting out • Many Family Issues!

  9. Immobilization Devices • What are the physiological and psychological concerns for this child?

  10. Fractures • Common in children and elderly • Don’t usually occur in infants • Forearm fractures are common in children • Clavicle is the most frequently broken bone • In children less than 10- Often during birth • Femoral neck fractures happen with automobile accidents (ages 6and 7) • Older children – femur • Teens - knees

  11. Kinds of Casting

  12. What are the physiological and psychological concerns for this child?

  13. Care of the Child with a Fracture • 5 “Ps” • Pain • Pallor • Pulselessness • Parasthesia • Paralysis

  14. Traction • Purpose • To fatigue the involved muscle and reduce spasm so the bone can realign • To position the bone ends • To immobilize the fracture site

  15. Types of Traction • Skin – no pins, usually short term • Example - Buck’s • Skeletal – surgical, pins • Example – 90:90 traction • Nursing Cares?? • Guidelines are on page 1922-1923

  16. Fracture Complications • Circulatory impairment • Nerve compression • Compartment syncrome • Growth plate involvement • Nonunion/Malunion • Infection • Pulmonary Emboli

  17. Osteomyelitis • Occurs between ages 5 and 14 • Infection in the bone • Etiology not always known • Children are very ill • IV antibiotic therapy is prompt and vigorous • Immobilization is usual

More Related