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Crop and Soil Management Issues Related to Forage Cation Levels

Crop and Soil Management Issues Related to Forage Cation Levels. J.B. Peters, K.A. Kelling, Soil Science Department University of Wisconsin - Madison. Influence of pH on Alfalfa, Marshfield 2000. Treatments. Four K 2 0 levels – 0, 100, 200, 400 lbs K 2 O/a/year * Target pH levels

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Crop and Soil Management Issues Related to Forage Cation Levels

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  1. Crop and Soil Management Issues Related to Forage Cation Levels J.B. Peters, K.A. Kelling, Soil Science Department University of Wisconsin - Madison

  2. Influence of pH on Alfalfa, Marshfield 2000

  3. Treatments • Four K20 levels – 0, 100, 200, 400 lbs K2O/a/year* • Target pH levels • Marshfield: six levels – 4.8 - 7.3 • Spooner: five levels – 4.7 - 6.7 • Hancock: eight levels – 4.5 - 7.0 * Applied after first cutting

  4. Average Tissue P Levels

  5. Average Tissue K Levels 3rd cut,1999

  6. Average Tissue Ca Levels

  7. Average Tissue Mg Levels

  8. Effect of crushed wallboard and gypsum fertilizer on soil Ca and K levels. Arlington, WI.1

  9. Effect of crushed wallboard and gypsum fertilizer on alfalfa tissue cation levels. Arlington, WI, 1995.

  10. Effect of crushed wallboard and gypsum fertilizer on soil Ca and K levels. Lancaster, WI.1

  11. Effect of crushed wallboard and gypsum fertilizer on alfalfa tissue cation levels. Lancaster, WI, 1995.

  12. Effect of crushed wallboard and gypsum fertilizer on soil Ca and K levels. Spooner, WI.1

  13. Effect of crushed wallboard and gypsum fertilizer on alfalfa tissue cation levels. Spooner, WI, 1996.

  14. NIRS Concepts Reflectance Light absorption 1000 2400 Wavelength (nanometers)

  15. Wet chemistry mineral analysis compared to NIR estimation. 3rd cut, Hancock, 1999.

  16. Wet chemistry mineral analysis compared to NIR estimation. 3rd cut, Marshfield, 1999.

  17. Wet chemistry mineral analysis compared to NIR estimation. 3rd cut, Spooner, 1999.

  18. Using NIRS in Forage Testing General Recommendations General Nutrients DM yes Lignin limited CP yes Ash limited ADF yes Ca limited NDF yes P no Starch yes K no Fat yes Mg no Bypass CP yes MiroMin no Soluble CP limited ADF-CP limited NDF-CP limited

  19. Summary Liming these acid soils was essential to optimize DM production, irregardless of K • As soil K increased, tissue K increased and tissue Ca and Mg tended to decrease • Annual applications of K resulted in a buildup of soil K and a decrease in soil test Ca and Mg

  20. Summary, cont. • As soil Ca increased, tissue K levels tended to decrease and tissue Ca tended to increase, especially on the lighter textured soil at Spooner • Large applications of Ca resulted in a buildup of soil Ca and a decrease in soil test K

  21. Summary, cont. • Keeping soil test K levels in the optimum range appears to be the best strategy for keeping tissue K levels in acceptable ranges for use as dairy feed

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