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UNIT-1 LABYRINTHITIS

UNIT-1 LABYRINTHITIS. PRESENTED BY: Ms. Pavithra K Lecturer, MSN dept. LEARNING OBJECTIVES. At the end of the class students will be able to define Labyrinthitis enlist the types of Labyrinthitis describe the Patho -Physiology of Labyrinthitis

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UNIT-1 LABYRINTHITIS

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  1. UNIT-1LABYRINTHITIS PRESENTED BY: Ms. Pavithra K Lecturer, MSN dept

  2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES At the end of the class students will be able to • define Labyrinthitis • enlist the types of Labyrinthitis • describe the Patho-Physiology of Labyrinthitis • list down the clinical features of Labyrinthitis • Enlist the diagnostic features of Labyrinthitis • enumerate the management of Labyrinthitis

  3. INTRODUCTION • Labyrinthitis is an inner ear disorder. The two vestibular nerves in your inner ear send your brain information about your spatial navigation and balance control. • When one of these nerves becomes inflamed, it creates a condition known as labyrinthitis. Symptoms include dizziness, nausea, and loss of hearing.

  4. DEFINITION • Labyrinthitis is the inflammation of the inner ear caused by viral or bacterial infection WHICH is characterized by hearing loss, vertigo and usually nausea and vomiting. • resolves on its own in one or a few weeks, depending upon the severity of the infection

  5. RISK FACTORS • Smoking • Alcoholism • Allergies • Ototoxic drugs

  6. ETIOLOGY • Bacterial labyrinthitis • Otitis media • cholesteatoma • Bacterial meningitis • Viral Labyrinthitis • URTI • Measles, Mumps, Rubella • Vestibular neuronitis

  7. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Etiological factors ↓ Inflammation of labyrinth ↓ ossification of spaces ↓ Vertigo, hearing loss

  8. CLINICAL FEATURES • Vertigo • Nausea and Vomiting • Nystagmus • tinnitus • Sensory neural hearing loss • Balance problems • Aural fullness • Otalgia • Fever • Depression

  9. DIAGNOSIS • History collection • Physical examination • Otoscopy • Hearing acuity • Romberg test • Audiometry

  10. MANAGEMENT Pharmacological : • For vertigo - Meclizine • Control nausea and vomiting – Antiemetics • Sedatives – diazepam • Steroids - prednisone • Antibiotics- coprofloxacin, Amoxicillin • Antiviral – acyclovir, Valacyclovir

  11. RELIEVE VERTIGO SYMPTOMS • Avoid sudden changes in position • Avoid sudden movements. • Sit still during a vertigo attack. • Get up slowly from a lying down or seated position. • Avoid watching television, computer screens, and bright or flashing lights during a vertigo attack. • Low lights • Quiet environment • Avoid operating heavy machineries or riding vehicles

  12. Habituation exercises – brandtdaroff exercises Upright position lie down to one side while the head should be in a 45 degree angle sit back after 30 sec Repeat it on other side .

  13. SURGICAL MANAGEMENT • Surgical excision of cholesteatoma • Labrinthectomy

  14. COMPLICATIONS • Meningitis • Permanent balance disability • Permanent hearing loss

  15. PRE OPERATIVE CARE • Explain the surgical procedure • Reports of laboratory investigations • Assess the hearing acuity • Advice the patient to keep the ear dry • Avoid inserting anything in the ear canal • Administer antibiotics

  16. POST OPERATIVE CARE • Bed rest for 24hrs • Provide comfortable position ,the patient lies with operated ear upwards • Elevate the head of the bed to reduce swelling and pressure on operated side • Instruct the patient to keep the ear dry for 4-6 weeks after surgery

  17. Apply external dressing Apply warm compression Administer antibiotics, analgesics Assess hearing acuity

  18. NURSING DIAGNOSIS • Pain (acute / chronic) related to irritation , nerve pressure as evidenced by pain scale score • Disturbed Sensory Perception (Auditory) related labrynthitis as evidenced by decreased hearing • Impaired Verbal Communication related to hearing loss as evidenced by decreased communication • Self-esteem disturbance related to changes in body function.

  19. CONCLUSION • Labyrinthitisare disorders that result in inflammation of the inner ear and the nerve connecting the inner ear to the brain. • The most common causes of labyrinthitisare viral infections. • The infections that cause labyrinthitismay resolve without treatment within a few weeks.

  20. EVALUATION • What is Labyrinthitis ? • What are the causes of Labyrinthitis? • Enumerate the patho-physiology of Labyrinthitis. • Enlist the clinical features of Labyrinthitis. • Explain the management of Labyrinthitis.

  21. REFERENCE • Smeltzer – Brunner & Suddharth Textbook of Medical Surgical Nursing, Wolterskluwer publishers, 12th edition 2009. • Black – Medical Surgical Nursing, Elsevier publishers, 8th edition 2009. • Nettina – Lippincott manual of Nursing Practice, Wolterskluwer publishers, 7th edition 2014. • Lewis – Medical Surgical Nursing, Elsevier publishers, 10th edition, 2017

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