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Systematic Mineralogy

Systematic Mineralogy. Minerals with the same anion tend to occur in the same environmentNot only chemistry based classification. Also structural, especially in the silicates.. Systematic Mineralogy. Dana's ClassificationClass: Anion or anionic groupFamily: chemical typesGroup: structural simi

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Systematic Mineralogy

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    1. Systematic Mineralogy Minerals are classified according to their basic anion or anionic group (eg,sulfides, carbonates etc) They show ‘family’ resemblance, probably because anion is the largest group or ion. The cation is only small and interstitial. CaCO3, (CaMg)(CO3)2, FeCO3, MnCO3 look more like each other than Fe2O3, FeFe2O4, FeCO3, FeOOH, FeS2 (hematite, magnetite, siderite, goethite, pyrite)

    2. Systematic Mineralogy Minerals with the same anion tend to occur in the same environment Not only chemistry based classification. Also structural, especially in the silicates.

    3. Systematic Mineralogy Dana’s Classification Class: Anion or anionic group Family: chemical types Group: structural similarity Series Variety

    4. Systematic Mineralogy Example Class: Native elements Family: metals Group: gold group Series Variety: Au, Ag, Cu

    5. Systematic Mineralogy Classes: Native elements Sulfides Sulfosalts Oxides Halides Carbonates Nitrates Borates Phosphates, arsenates, vanadates Sulfates, chromates Tungstates, molybdates Silicates

    6. Systematic Mineralogy Carbonates Calcite group (hexagonal) Calcite, magnesite, siderite, rhodochrosite, smithsonite Aragonite (orthorhombic) Aragonite, witherite, strontianite, cerussite Dolomite Group (hexagonal) Dolomite, ankerite Monoclinic carbonates with (OH-) Malachite, azurite (copper ores)

    7. Carbonates

    8. Systematic Mineralogy Smithsonite ZnCO3

    9. Systematic Mineralogy Aragonite Group Orthorhombic Aragonite CaCO3 Witherite BaCO3 Strontianite SrCO3 Cerussite PbCO3

    10. Systematic Mineralogy Monoclinic carbonate with (OH-) Malachite Cu2CO3(OH)2 Azurite Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2

    11. Systematic Mineralogy Silicates Read Klein Chap13

    12. Systematic Mineralogy Garnets: A3B2Si3O12 Pyralspite Pyrope Mg3Al2Si3O12 Almandine Fe3Al2Si3O12 Spessartine Mn3Al2Si3O12 Ugrandite Uvarovite Ca3Cr2Si3O12 Grossular Ca3Al2Si3O12 Andradite Ca3Fe2Si3O12

    13. Systematic Mineralogy Olivine - nesosilicate (isolated groups of SiO4 tetrahedra)

    14. Systematic Mineralogy More nesosilicates Zircon ZrSiO4 Al2SiO3 group Andalusite Kyanite Sillimanite & Topaz & Staurolite

    15. Silicates Sorosilicates Clinozoisite Epidote Allanite vesuvianite

    16. Silicates Cyclosilicates

    17. Systematic Mineralogy Inosilicates or chain silicates Single chain structure Eg: pyroxene group

    18. Systematic Mineralogy

    19. Systematic Mineralogy Inosilicates or chain silicates Double chain - Amphibole group

    20. Systematic Mineralogy Phyllosilicates or sheet silicates Serpentine group Antigorite, chrysotile, lizardite Clay mineral group Kaolinite Mica group Biotite, muscovite, lepidolite Chlorite group chlorite

    21. Systematic Mineralogy Tectosilicates - largest group of minerals formed as 3-D network of silica tetrahedra (sharing all 4 oxygens) SiO2 group Quartz, tridymite, cristobalite Feldspar group K-feldspars Plagioclase feldspars

    22. Systematic Mineralogy

    23. Systematic Mineralogy Coarsely crystalline varieties Rock crystal, amethyst, rose quartz, smoky quartz, citrine, milky quartz

    24. Systematic Mineralogy Microcrystalline ‘chert’ varieties Chalcedony, carnelian, chrysoprase, agate, onyx, heliotrope

    25. Systematic Mineralogy Feldspar group

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