The endocrine system is made up of

1. The endocrine system is made up of • hormones. • glands. • gonads. • prostaglandins.

2. The nervous system is to a telephone as the endocrine system is to a • chemical message. • television set. • radio broadcast. • hormone.

3. The endocrine system • affects only the reproductive system. • releases hormones into the bloodstream. • competes with the nervous system. • is made up primarily of glands with ducts.

4. Which of the following is a gland of the endocrine system? • sweat gland • tear gland • pituitary gland • all of the above

5. Figure 39–1 shows the body’s • hormones. • target cells. • endocrine glands. • exocrine glands.

6. Which structure in Figure 39–1 regulates the level of calcium in the blood? • C • D • E • F

7. What is the function of the structure labeled H in Figure 39–1? • to produce sex hormones • to produce thyroxine • to produce insulin and glucagon • to produce thymosin

8. Which structure in Figure 39–1 releases hormones that regulate many of the other endocrine glands? • B • D • H • J

9. Unlike endocrine glands, exocrine glands • release secretions through ducts. • release hormones. • release secretions directly into the bloodstream. • are found throughout the body.

10. Unlike nonsteroid hormones, steroid hormones • remain outside the target cell. • bind to receptors inside the target cell. • have no target cells. • are made of proteins.

11. A thermostat is a good example of a(an) • hormone-receptor complex. • feedback system. • prostaglandin. • exocrine gland.

12. One way the endocrine system helps maintain homeostasis is by having • each gland secrete only one hormone. • two hormones with opposite effects regulate certain things. • only steroid hormones regulate important functions. • the pituitary gland regulate all the other glands.

13. Feedback inhibition means that an increase in a substance will • decrease production of that substance. • increase production of that substance. • increase the production of other substances. • stop production of another substance.

14. Which endocrine gland secretes sex hormones? • adrenal medulla • testis • hypothalamus • pituitary

15. Which gland fails to produce enough of its hormone in the disease diabetes mellitus? • adrenal • hypothalamus • pancreas • parathyroid

16. Which gland produces epinephrine and norepinephrine? • parathyroid • hypothalamus • pituitary • adrenal

17. Puberty usually begins between the ages of • 5 and 8. • 9 and 15. • 16 and 19. • 20 and 25.

18. Which hormones stimulate the gonads to mature? • FSH and LH • estrogens • androgens • testosterone and progesterone

19. The testes and the ovaries do not begin making active reproductive cells until • birth. • fertilization. • gastrulation. • puberty.

20. Testosterone is needed for the development of • eggs. • sperm. • the uterus. • all of the above

21. Specialized sex cells are known as • gametes. • hormones. • gonads. • organs.

22. How many ova do the ovaries usually produce? • one per day • about 20 per year • one between them each month • 200 million at a time

23. Which structure produces sperm? • scrotum • epididymis • seminiferous tubules • vas deferens

24. Which of the following is NOT a function of the female reproductive system? • to produce eggs • to prepare the body to carry an embryo • to deliver sperm • to release eggs into the Fallopian tubes

25. Which organ system is responsible for making and delivering sperm? • female reproductive system • endocrine system • nervous system • male reproductive system

26. Which of the following is NOT a phase in the menstrual cycle? • menstruation • luteal • fertilization • ovulation

27. When during the menstrual cycle does an egg have the best chance of being fertilized? • during the follicular phase • just before menstruation • the beginning of the luteal phase • the day of ovulation

28. One menstrual cycle usually lasts about a • day. • week. • month. • year.

29. During the menstrual cycle, LH and FSH peak, causing the • corpus luteum to disintegrate. • follicle to release a mature egg. • uterine lining to detach from the uterus. • the lining of the uterus to thicken.

30. Menstruation does not occur if the • uterine lining thickens. • estrogen level falls. • progesterone level falls. • egg is fertilized.

31. A zygote is a • two-celled embryo. • solid ball of about 50 cells. • blastocyst. • fertilized egg.

32. The chances of fertilization are very good if sperm are present and a(an) • blastocyst is already present. • egg is in the Fallopian tubes. • woman is menstruating. • all of the above

33. Which of the following are required for fertilization to occur inside the female body? • Sperm must swim into a Fallopian tube. • An egg must be present in the Fallopian tube. • The nucleus of a sperm must enter an egg cell. • all of the above

34. During the process of fertilization, which step happens first? • The sperm’s nucleus enters the egg cell. • Enzymes break down the protective layer of the egg cell membrane. • A sperm attaches to a binding site on the egg cell membrane. • The cell membrane of the egg cell changes.

35. Where does fertilization usually occur? • Fallopian tube • ovary • uterus • vagina

36. What is the result of gastrulation? • a blastocyst • a zygote • the amnion • germ layers

37. Which of the following forms during gastrulation? • endoderm • ectoderm • mesoderm • all of the above

38. Which of the following processes happens last? • gastrulation • implantation • fertilization • ovulation

39. Which of the following is a function of the placenta? • mixing the blood of the mother and the fetus • protecting the fetus from any drugs or alcohol in the mother’s body • providing nutrients to the fetus • cushioning and protecting the fetus

40. The placenta connects the • fetus to the mother’s uterus. • ectoderm to the endoderm. • umbilical cord to the mother’s vagina. • uterus to the cervix.

41. If a woman is exposed to HIV during her pregnancy, the • placenta will protect the fetus from the HIV viruses. • HIV viruses can cross the placenta and harm the fetus. • HIV viruses could harm the placenta. • fetus will probably recover quickly from the disease.

42. Which of the following is characteristic of infancy? • Teeth appear. • Puberty begins. • The first signs of aging appear. • An individual reaches 70 percent of her or his adult height.

43. Which stage of the human life cycle occurs first? • puberty • adulthood • adolescence • childhood

44. Which of the following usually develop(s) during childhood? • personality • social skills • long bones, to 80 percent of adult height • all of the above

45. All of the following usually occur during adolescence EXCEPT • a growth spurt. • secondary sex characteristics. • puberty. • the appearance of first permanent teeth.

46. The endocrine system carries out its job by releasing target cells into the bloodstream. _________________________ • True • False

47. Exocrine glands release their secretions into the bloodstream. _________________________ • True • False

48. A nonsteroid hormone enters a target cell by passing across its cell membrane. _________________________ • True • False

49. Thyroxine inhibits the secretion of TSH by the anterior pituitary gland, which maintains homeostasis. _________________________ • True • False

50. The parathyroid glands secrete hormones that help the body deal with stress. ______________________________ • True • False