Japan Returns to Isolation

1. Japan Returns to Isolation Chapter 19 Section 3

2. The Growth of Japanese Civilization • Japan’s Location • Japan lies east of China; name means “land of the rising sun” • Closest neighbor is 120 miles over water, Korea • 500 miles of water separate it from China

3. Japan’s Topography

4. The Geography of Japan • Consists of about 4,000 islands in a 12,000-mile archipelago • Varied climate, but little land for farming

5. Terrace Farming of Rice

6. The Japanese Farm the Sea TokyoFish Market

7. Mt. Fuji Mt. Fuji

8. Early Japan • Many different clans worshipped own gods • This early religion later called Shinto—“the way of the gods” • Shinto worshipers respect forces of nature, ancestors, and kami • Kami—divine spirits dwelling in nature: tree, rock, waterfall

9. The Yamato Emperors • By 400s, Yamato clan takes control, names emperor. • For many centuries, Yamato emperors rule; sometimes in name only .

10. Japanese Culture • Buddhism in Japan • Japanese learn Chinese ideas, customs from contact with Korea • Buddhism spreads widely in Japan, mixes with Shinto practices

11. Cultural Borrowing from China • Prince Shotoku rules as regent; sponsors missions to Tang China • Chinese ideas, practices gain wide currency in Japan as result • Japanese adopt Chinese writing, art, and ways of everyday living • Japan does not copy China’s civil-service system

12. Local Lords Rule • 1467-1568 know as Sengoku (warring states) • Samurai seized control of old feudal estates • Daimyo-Warrior chieftain new lords • Resembled European feudalism

13. Medieval Warriors vs. European knight Samurai Warrior

14. Medieval Warriors vs. Knight’s Armor Samurai Armor

15. Local Lords Rule • Built fortified castles • Created small armies on horses (samurai) • Later introduced foot soldiers with muskets • Fought for territory

16. New leaders Restore Order • Oda Nobunaga-defeated rivals and seized capitol Kyoto 1558 • “Rule the empire by force” • Nobunaga’s soldiers with muskets crush samurai force (first use of firearms)

17. New Leaders Restore Order • Could not unify all of Japan • Toyotomi Hideoyshi conquered al of Japan • Invaded Korea in 1592 • Hideoyshi died 1559 and his troops withdrew from Korea

18. Tokugawa Shogunate Unites Japan • Unified Japan in 1600 • Had loyalty of Daimyo throughout Japan • 3 years later became sole leader of Japan • Moved capitol to Edo became Tokyo • Governed at a local level

19. Tokugawa Shogunate Unites Japan • Required daimyo to spend every other year in the capitol • When they returned to their lands they left family in capitol (hostages to prevent rebellion) • Rule of law became rule of sword

20. Tokugawa Shogunate Unites Japan • On his deathbed asked sons to • Take care of the people • Strive to be virtuous • Never neglect to protect the country • This rule brought welcome order to Japan

21. Life in Tokugawa Japan • Japan enjoyed two and half centuries of stability • Society was very structured • Ruler was a shogun supreme military commander

22. Life in Tokugawa Japan • Shogun • Daimyo- powerful landholding samurai • Samurai warriors • Peasants and artisans 4/5ths of population • Merchants at the bottom • Became more important as the economy expanded

25. Society in Tokugawa Japan • Confucian values influenced society • Depended on agriculture not merchants • Peasants and farmers had the main tax burden • Many left farms for town life

26. Culture under the Tokugawa Shogunate • Attended ceremonial noh dramas • Tales of ancient warriors • Hung pictures of a classical literature scenes • Haiku-3 line verse poetry • Presents images rather than ideas

27. Contact Between Europe and Japan • 16 century during the warring states • Welcomed traders and missionaries from Portugal • Within a century Europeans had worn out their welcome

28. Portugal Sends Ships, Merchants and Technology to Japan • 1543 first encounter with Europeans • Portugal hoped to be part of the Japan, China, and Southeast Asia trade • Brought clocks, eyeglasses, tobacco, firearms, and unfamiliar items to Japan

29. Portugal Sends Ships, Merchants, and Technology to Japan • Daimyo welcomed the strangers • Interested in muskets and cannons • Japanese purchased weapons from Portugal • Firearms changed a time honored tradition of the use of the sword

30. Portugal Sends Ships, Merchants, and Technology to Japan • Many samurai retained the sword • Built fortified castles to withstand the cannons • Castles attracted merchants and artisans

31. Christian Missionaries in Japan • 1549 missionaries started to arrive • Religious orders of Jesuits came to convert the Japanese • Francis Xavier-Jesuit led the first mission • Baptized about 100 converts before he left

32. Christian Missionaries in Japan • 1600 300,000 Japanese had been converted • Success upset Tokugawa Ieyasu • Found Christian invasion troublesome • They scorned traditional Japanese beliefs

33. Christian Missionaries in Japan • Feared driving off the European traders would hurt Japan’s economy • 1612 there was religious uprisings • Christianity was banned

34. Christian Missionaries in Japan • 1637 30,000 peasants led by a samurai • So many rebels were Christian • Started to persecute Christians • All Japanese were forced to show faith to a branch of Buddhism

35. The Closed Country Policy • Persecution of Christians was to control foreign ideas • Valued European trade but not ideas • 1639 sealed Japan’s borders “closed country policy”

36. Japan in Isolation • Nagasaki was the only port opened to foreign ships • Only Dutch and Chinese merchants allowed • Tokugawa shoguns had a monopoly on trade • 200 years Japan remained closed

37. Japan in Isolation • Japanese were forbidden to leave and bring back new ideas • Developed into a self sufficient country • Europeans met with resistance to open the East to trade • Expansion to the west was more profitable (Americas)