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Japan Returns to Isolation. Feudal Japan. 1467—a civil war ended the old feudal system (farming estates) and central rule. 1467 to 1568, a “warring states period” Sengoku. Daimyo. Daimyo—warrior chieftains Became lords of feudal estates. Offered protection of peasants for loyalty.
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Feudal Japan • 1467—a civil war ended the old feudal system (farming estates) and central rule. • 1467 to 1568, a “warring states period” • Sengoku
Daimyo • Daimyo—warrior chieftains • Became lords of feudal estates. • Offered protection of peasants for loyalty. • Fought other Daimyo for land.
Oda Nobunaga • Warrior; seized Kyoto in 1568. • Attempted to eliminate all of his enemies and unify Japan under one ruler. • Fails and commits a ritual suicide in 1582, when one of his generals turned on him.
ToyotomiHideyoshi • Nobunaga’s best general • By 1590, controlled most of Japan • Invades Korea, but dies in 1598
Tokugawa Ieyasu • 1600—completes unification of Japan • 1603—becomes sole ruler, or shogun • Moves capital to Edo, a fishing village (Tokyo)
Tokugawa Ieyasu • Founded Tokugawa Shogunate (1603-1867) • controls daimyo by requiring them to spend every other year in Edo, and after returning home, leaving family behind as hostage.
Life in Tokugawa Japan • Despite the wealth gap between the merchants and peasants, everyone enjoyed a flourishing culture.
Life in Tokugawa Japan • Original Confucian values influenced ideas about society. • Ideal society depended on agriculture, not commerce. • Farmers, although considered ideal citizens, paid the most in taxes. • Abandoned farming and moved to the growing cities to find better jobs.
Life in Tokugawa Japan • Traditional culture thrived: • Dramas were attended by Samurai • Haiku poetry was popular • 3 line poetry (5-7-5 syllable format) • Often about the hardships of life • Kabuki—theatre—skits using costume, dance, music, and mime about modern life
Life in Tokugawa Japan • At first, the Japanese welcomed traders and missionaries from Europe. • Led by Portuguese who arrived in the region first. • Brought clocks, eyeglasses, muskets, cannons.
Life in Tokugawa Japan • Missionaries’ success eventually upset Tokugawa Ieyasu because it conflicted with theirs (Buddhism). • Led to the persecution of Christians after an uprising in 1637 against the Shogunate.
Japan in Isolation • By 1639, Japan adopts a “closed country policy.” • Only Nagasaki remained open for foreign trade. • Dutch and Chinese were trading partners (Spanish and Portuguese were kicked out of the region). • Isolation lasted for 200 years. • Shogun prevented anyone from leaving the country. • Wanted to limit foreign cultural influence.