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IAEA New and Novel Safeguards Instruments

IAEA New and Novel Safeguards Instruments. Andrew Monteith Division of Technical Support Department of Safeguards. Outline. IAEA Strategic Objectives Overview of Novel Technology Unit Examples of new safeguards equipment in use Examples of proposed novel safeguards equipment

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IAEA New and Novel Safeguards Instruments

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  1. IAEA New and Novel Safeguards Instruments Andrew MonteithDivision of Technical Support Department of Safeguards

  2. Outline • IAEA Strategic Objectives • Overview of Novel Technology Unit • Examples of new safeguards equipment in use • Examples of proposed novel safeguards equipment • Conclusions Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2007, December 13-14, 2007

  3. IAEA Strategic Objectives 2006 – 2011 Include the following general goals: • Enhance detection capabilities • Develop new, or improve, safeguards approaches and techniques • Acquire more effective verification equipment Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2007, December 13-14, 2007

  4. IAEA Strategic Objectives 2006 – 2011 With the following specific activity: • Research and develop novel technologies for detection of undeclared activities, facilities and materials • Internal resources and expertise • Member State Support Programmes Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2007, December 13-14, 2007

  5. Novel Technology Unit Mr. Julian WhichelloUnit Head Ms. Cyndee AnneseNuclear Technology Specialist Ms. Sarah BaldwinAdministrative Support Mr. Andrew MonteithSG Technology Specialist Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2007, December 13-14, 2007

  6. Verification & Detection Technologies “New” Instruments and methodologies already in use by the Agency for safeguards applications “Novel” Instruments and methodologies not applied previously to safeguards applications Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2007, December 13-14, 2007

  7. Novel Detection TechnologiesNuclear Fuel Cycle (NFC) Nuclear Fuel Cycle (NFC) Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2007, December 13-14, 2007

  8. Novel Detection TechnologiesNFCIndicators / Signatures “Indicators” Entities that go into making the process operative “Signatures” Entities produced by the process when it is in operation Nuclear Fuel Cycle Process Nuclear Fuel Cycle Process • Examples: • Resources • Required materials • Facility design • Related R&D • … • Examples: • Produced materials • Process by-products • Energy emanations • … • … NFC Process e.g. Enrichment Reprocessing Conversion Reactor Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2007, December 13-14, 2007

  9. Novel Detection TechnologiesNFCIndicators / Signatures Strategy (cont.) • Review nuclear fuel-cycle processes, identifying the most safeguards-useful activity indicators and emanating signatures • Also, identify thoseindicators and signatureswith the most promise for detection at a distance • Perform Safeguards need • Define technical & procedural requirements with end-user • Initiate necessary R&D and field tests • Implementation / hand-over Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2007, December 13-14, 2007

  10. Areas of Interest Signatures &Indicators Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2007, December 13-14, 2007

  11. New IAEA SG Techniques and Equipment in development As discussed in previous presentation: • Next Generation Surveillance System • RF Seals • Laser Based Surveillance , Containment and NDA measurements Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2007, December 13-14, 2007

  12. Laser based applications: Existing and Future Solutions: • 3 Dimensional Laser Range Finder (3DLR) • Outdoor Verification system (OVS) • Combined 3DLR with radiation map • Laser Item Identification System for UF6 Cylinders • Laser Mapping for fuel packaging Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2007, December 13-14, 2007

  13. 3D Laser Range Finder - current • Dedicated tool based on a 3 dimensional laser range finder with safeguard adapted software (developed under the European Support Program to the IAEA). • First demonstrated in Rokkasho reprocessing plant - May 2003. Cells were scanned during construction and again just before closing. Design Information data were compared, then stored at facility under joint seals. Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2007, December 13-14, 2007

  14. 3D Laser Range Finder - future • Combined 3DLR with radiation map, Merging 3D models with: • Gamma ray map • Infra red map • Outdoor 3DLR • 3-Dimensional laser range finder • with broader range, • coupled to digital camera • linked to a positioning system enabling scanning in movement Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2007, December 13-14, 2007

  15. Standard video surveillance (SDIS camera) L2IS UNIT2 cabinet. ) Standard video surveillance (SDIS camera) SDIS Surveillance server connected to the L2IS unit 2 and transmitting State of health over PSTN line Laser Item Identification System • Designed to identify and track the movement of UF6 cylinders in enrichment facilities – without relying on existing or additional tagging technology Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2007, December 13-14, 2007

  16. Tampering • Re-welding • Painting • Verification scan: • impossible to hide • the surface deformation Laser surface mapping for fuel packaging Pictures Courtesy of the EC/ IPSC/ JRC Ispra IPSC, V Sequeira. Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2007, December 13-14, 2007

  17. Novel Technologies Target applications Verification Complementary access & forensics Detection Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2007, December 13-14, 2007

  18. Novel Technologies Target example applications: Verification Neutron imaging Tuneable diode laser spectroscopy (TDLS) Magnetic resonance for flow & enrich. mon. Antineutrino detection Complementary access Laser spectrometry techniques (LIBS, LALIF) & forensics Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) Solid state chemical sensors Ground penetrating radar (GPR) Detection Mobile laser spectroscopy Mobile atmospheric gas sampling & analysis Energy emission detection and analysis Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2007, December 13-14, 2007

  19. Novel Verification TechnologiesNeutron Detection Matrix & Imaging Source: LANL Need: To detect the presence (or to verify the absence) of enrichment above declared levels in a declared LEU GCEP (e.g countering undeclared production or embedded micro-cascade scenarios) Novel features: Low-power, self-organizing network of neutron detectors Description: Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2007, December 13-14, 2007

  20. Source: GPI / Canberra New/Novel TechnologiesTuneable Diode Laser Spectroscopy (TDLS) Need: i) To monitor uranium enrichment in UF6continuously ( - based on precise specific isotopic species excitation) ii) Non-intrusive, real time method to detect the presence of HF/UF6 in the vicinity of a suspected facility (Novel!) Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2007, December 13-14, 2007

  21. Source: LANL Determining UF6 enrichment and flow without penetrating cascade pipe-work 235UF6/238UF6 enrichment Centrifuge cascade pipe work UF6 flow rate Novel Verification TechnologiesNon-intrusive Enrichment & Flow Monitor based on Magnetic Resonance Need: Non-intrusive enrichment and flow monitoring for a gas centrifuge facility Novel features: Measures both enrichment and material flow rate without penetrating cascade pipe-work. Relatively low magnetic field requirement Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2007, December 13-14, 2007

  22. Novel Technologies Target example applications: Verification Neutron imaging Tuneable diode laser spectroscopy (TDLS) Magnetic resonance for flow & enrich. mon. Antineutrino detection Complementary access Laser spectrometry techniques (LIBS, LALIF)* & forensics Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) Solid state chemical sensors Ground penetrating radar (GPR) Detection Mobile laser spectroscopy Mobile atmospheric gas sampling & analysis Energy emission detection and analysis *LIBS = Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy LALIF = Laser ablation / laser-induced fluorescence Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2007, December 13-14, 2007

  23. Novel CA & Forensics TechnologiesLaser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) Source: CSSP Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2007, December 13-14, 2007

  24. Novel CA & Forensics TechnologiesLaser Ablation / Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LALIF) Source: PNNL Need: More rapid, on-site material analysis for the detection of undeclared enrichment, or reprocessing activities Novel features: Tuneable for 235U/238U, and other elements & isotopes Can easily detect 10μm particles (nanograms) Suggested method for pre-screening ES on-site Description: Remark(s): Technique is orders of magnitude less sensitive than NWAL route. However, it does provide other benefits, including on-site detection of 236U. Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2007, December 13-14, 2007

  25. Novel CA & Forensics TechnologiesOptically Stimulated Luminescence in Forensics (OSL) Source: CSSP Need: Method to detect if a suspected location has been used for the storage or use of nuclear materials Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2007, December 13-14, 2007

  26. Novel CA & Forensics TechnologiesSolid-State Chemical Sensors Source: SNL/RF MSSP Need: To detect specific chemical compounds associated with NFC processes Description: Sandia's µChemLab™ BD (bio-detection) unit has detected seven different forms of the bio-toxin ricin successfully. Photo by Bud Pelletier. Proposed solid-state sensor for the detection of fluorine and HF, produced by the release of UF6 from nuclear processes. Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2007, December 13-14, 2007

  27. Novel Verification TechnologiesGround Penetrating Radar (GPR) Need: Verification of declared underground movements of Safeguarded items Detection of undeclared underground facilities Techniques include: • Ground penetrating radar (HF centimetres of penetration – VHF metres of penetration) • Acoustic sonar (either from a sound source, a pneumatic hammer or controlled explosive) • Passive magnetic mapping • Resistance mapping • Magneto-telluric (MT), with either natural (lightning strikes) or controlled sources (kilometres) • Gravity anomaly measurements • Terahertz imaging (tens of centimetres) Remark(s): (i) Different techniques offer different levels of ground penetration and object resolution (ii) The Agency has established the Application of Safeguards to Geological Repositories (ASTOR) group of experts to advise on a future integrated safeguards approach for geological sites. Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2007, December 13-14, 2007

  28. Novel Technologies Target example applications: Verification Neutron imaging Tuneable diode laser spectroscopy (TDLS) Magnetic resonance for flow & enrich. mon. Antineutrino detection Complementary access Laser spectrometry techniques (LIBS, LALIF) & forensics Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) Solid state chemical sensors Ground penetrating radar (GPR) Detection Mobile laser spectroscopy Mobile atmospheric gas sampling & analysis Energy emission detection and analysis Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2007, December 13-14, 2007

  29. Source: RF MSSP Novel Detection TechnologiesLight detection and ranging (LIDAR) Need: To detect undeclared nuclear facilities and activities Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2007, December 13-14, 2007

  30. Source: GER MSSP Novel Detection TechnologiesSampling and analysis of atmospheric gases Need: To detect undeclared nuclear facilities and activities Task underway to assess the technique for safeguards applications, commencing with: • Development of appropriate safeguards relevant scenarios • Simulation exercises, and • Cost-benefit analysis of the technique compared to current practices Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2007, December 13-14, 2007

  31. Source: GER MSSP Novel Detection TechnologiesSampling and analysis of atmospheric gases Description: Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2007, December 13-14, 2007

  32. Novel Detection TechnologiesEnergy emission detection and analysis Need: To detect undeclared nuclear facilities and activities Infrared (with false colour) Visible Hyper-spectral – makes chemical identification of materials possible Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2007, December 13-14, 2007

  33. Novel Detection TechnologiesEnergy emission detection and analysis Need: To detect undeclared nuclear facilities and activities Appropriate electrostatic, magnetic, electromagnetic or acoustic sensor Emanations Inspector Interface Tuned amplifier & detector Signal Analyser Functional block diagram of the instrument Undeclared, or clandestine nuclear process Plant emanations and background noise Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2007, December 13-14, 2007

  34. Identifying and Matching Needs and Novel Solutions Coherent set of prioritized needs R&D Projects / Evaluation / Procurement Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2007, December 13-14, 2007

  35. R&D → Implementation • The Novel Technologies Project commenced with 5 short to medium term (2 – 5 years) tasks • Further longer-term tasks (5+) years are foreseen • Projects funded by MSSP and managed by NTU Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2007, December 13-14, 2007

  36. Novel Technology Tasks in Progress Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2007, December 13-14, 2007

  37. Novel Technology Tasks in Progress To date, umbrella tasks have been established with 12 MSSPs and the European Community • Small and/or short-duration tasks • Technical & scientific information exchanges • Assistance with technical requirements • Expert reviews of proposals • Provision of experts for short periods • Assistance with product evaluations and field tests Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2007, December 13-14, 2007

  38. Conclusions • Novel Technologies Project and Unit firmly established with ongoing portfolio of technical projects • Further projects to be established upon completion of ‘needs foundation’ document • Proposed ‘cradle to grave’ model for implementation of novel technologies • Member State assistance will be crucial to successful implementation. Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2007, December 13-14, 2007

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