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Collectivity in the Middle Years

Collectivity in the Middle Years. What does “ middle ” refer to?. Declan Keane Kent State University. 1992. This symposium has much ground to cover:. 1978. Art, Grazyna & Kai: Lots of territory ranging from Plastic Ball (Bevalac & CERN), STAR, many years as RNC Head….

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Collectivity in the Middle Years

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  1. Collectivity in the Middle Years What does “middle” refer to? Declan Keane Kent State University 1992 Symposium on Collectivity, March 15, 2013

  2. This symposium has much ground to cover: 1978 Art, Grazyna & Kai: Lots of territory ranging from Plastic Ball (Bevalac & CERN), STAR, many years as RNC Head…. This talk: Focus on 1990s – Bevalac Sci. Director; EOS at Bevalac & AGS; early planning for RHIC. 2004

  3. We have to skip the 1970s Symposium on Collectivity, March 15, 2013

  4. Since our theme today is collectivity…. Symposium on Collectivity, March 15, 2013

  5. A decade later, many unresolved questions Symposium on Collectivity, March 15, 2013

  6. By 1983, goal was coming into focus: Phys. Lett. 110B, 185 (1982) Phys. Lett. 129B, 283 (1983) “It is important to emphasize that the only true signature of collective flow is a clear maximum of dN / d cosq1away from q1= 0.” q1 Symposium on Collectivity, March 15, 2013

  7. 1984: collective flow observation Symposium on Collectivity, March 15, 2013

  8. 1984: collective flow observation PRL 52, 1590 (1984) Symposium on Collectivity, March 15, 2013

  9. 1985: better flow analysis methods Bevalac streamer chamber: 1.8 A GeV Ar + KCl P. Danielewicz & G. Odyniec, PL 157B, 146 (1985) Symposium on Collectivity, March 15, 2013

  10. One of two streamer chamber groups Symposium on Collectivity, March 15, 2013

  11. Bevalacstreamer chamber Central collision: 1.8 A GeV Ar + Pb Streamer Chamber: Simple, uniform acceptance/efficiency Slow & laborious data analysis; Very small event samples; Poor PID. Plastic Ball: Good statistics; Relatively quick analysis; Complex acceptance (theorists must filter via Art’s SIMDAT.FOR) Symposium on Collectivity, March 15, 2013

  12. New generation Bevalac detector EOS Original EOS proposal (1986) by Pugh, Odyniec, Rai, Seidl: Cylindrical TPC, solenoidal magnet (“mini-STAR”) Less expensive EOS (1988) by Weiman, Rai et al.: Rectangular TPC designed to fit inside existing HISS dipole 1989-90: project funded. Hans Georg came back from CERN to lead the science. Symposium on Collectivity, March 15, 2013

  13. EOS TPC was way ahead of its time… ...“father” of NA49 TPCs and “grandfather” of STAR TPC Stick 1 Stick 128 DSP code written by Hans Georg Symposium on Collectivity, March 15, 2013

  14. Ready for sliding into HISS dipole Water-cooled boards extensively use custom chips, & mate directly to pad plane All time buckets from each of >15K pads read out via ~100 fibers Symposium on Collectivity, March 15, 2013

  15. 50+ collaborators & 8 EOS institutions Symposium on Collectivity, March 15, 2013

  16. Marvin Dean Daniel Chuck Walter Mark Jim Eric Justice Chacon Cebra McParland Mueller Tincknell Elliott Hjort Yiping Youn Brijesh Howard Penny HGR Doug Shao Choi Srivastava Wieman Warren Olson Gulshan Martin Howard Alan Rai Partlan Matis Scott HGR Symposium, March 15, 2013

  17. EOS TPC worked beautifully…. ~8 Million events 3.5 TB raw data Symposium on Collectivity, March 15, 2013

  18. Hardware is not azimuthally symmetric… …but definitely not a problem for flow measure- ment! f(degrees) Symposium on Collectivity, March 15, 2013

  19. Directed flow vs. beam energy M. D. Partlan et al., PRL 75, 2100 (1995). Symposium on Collectivity, March 15, 2013

  20. Early ways to characterize elliptic flow At these energies, there is an out-of-plane enhancement (negative v2). Unlike at RHIC, the v2 here is stronger in rotated coords. Elliptic flow can be described as a sinusoidal modulation of the radial velocity, b. A single parameter Db can describe the full pT dependence of elliptic flow. out-of-plane in-plane Db S. Wang et al., PRL 76, 3911 (1996). Symposium on Collectivity, March 15, 2013

  21. Neural nets for strangeness studies M. Justice, NIM A 400, 463 (1997). Symposium on Collectivity, March 15, 2013

  22. By mid-90s, collectivity had “arrived” Symposium on Collectivity, March 15, 2013

  23. Definitive review article on collectivity Published in 1997 1993-2000: lean time for US RHI physics; Bevalac shut down, RHIC not yet started, AGS operated ~10 yrs at a single energy. Symposium on Collectivity, March 15, 2013

  24. Lesson I’ve learned at LBNL “No plan survives contact with the enemy” Scientific Corollary: “No plan of experimental research survives contact with the data” Helmuth Von Moltke (1800 – 1891) Served in armies of Denmark & Prussia Prolific writer on many topics Symposium on Collectivity, March 15, 2013

  25. Bevalac to AGS “When you talk with experimentalists, it is extremely important to understand exactly what they are doing…… in the case of theorists, it is not so important” – Sid Kahana, BNL theorist & AGS PAC member at time of E895 proposal Symposium on Collectivity, March 15, 2013

  26. E895 at the AGS Up to 350 tracks E895 published 12 journals papers, including 9 in PRL. Founding Spokesperson: Gulshan Rai

  27. E895 theory motivation D. H. Rischke et al., Heavy Ion Phys. 1, 309 (1995). H. Stoecker, Nucl. Phys. A 750, 121 (2005). Symposium on Collectivity, March 15, 2013

  28. Before E895 Importance of energy region from 2 to ~10 A GeV (fixed target): spp Region where sinel takes off and rises steeply. Baryon density (by certain measures) peaks near here. Empirically, many ‘bulk’ observables show transitions in this region. Some hydro models predict softening due to 1st order PT near here. Fy v2 b T Ebeam

  29. RP & PID performance still very good Symposium on Collectivity, March 15, 2013

  30. Exceptional cross-fertilization QM ’01 slide by Mike Lisa HGR Symposium, March 15, 2013

  31. First measured HBT rel. to reaction plane Symposium on Collectivity, March 15, 2013

  32. Elliptic flow changes sign Beam energy in A GeV Symposium on Collectivity, March 15, 2013

  33. 0.3 F (GeV/c) 0.2 0.1 0 10 10 1 1 0.04 Elab (A GeV) v2 0 -0.04 -0.08 10 1 Elab (A GeV) Directed & elliptic flow from E895 PRL 84, 5488 (2000) No trend resembling hydro with 1st-order phase transition No single model parameterization reproduces flow details Strong sensitivity to contributions to pressure from medium PRL 83, 1295 (1999) Symposium on Collectivity, March 15, 2013

  34. What Horst called the “killer plot” E895 directed flow: 6 A GeV Au+Au yCM Symposium on Collectivity, March 15, 2013

  35. E895 data still highly valuable in 2013 H. Stoecker, Nucl. Phys. A 750, 121 (2005). Symposium on Collectivity, March 15, 2013

  36. A Hans Georg slide from 2001: 12 years on, the same message holds for Hans Georg himself Symposium on Collectivity, March 15, 2013

  37. Summary & Conclusions This talk was designed to “plug the gaps” in areas the other speakers this afternoon are not going to cover. Art’s talk will include a wide-ranging list of Hans Georg’s major accomplishments. This is a summary only – conclusions at this stage would be premature. Stay tuned for update in 2025, when Hans Georg will reach Art’s age today. In the meantime: many congratulations & happy (early) birthday, Hans Georg!! Symposium on Collectivity, March 15, 2013

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