Environmental Studies

1. Environmental Studies Mr. Skirbst Science Topic 28

2. Surveying Goal of the surveying team is to determine the stream gradient

3. Surveying Goal of the surveying team is to determine the stream gradient Stream gradient: stream slope

4. Surveying Stream slope = rise / run

5. Surveying Stream slope = rise / run In the field:  rise = (determined by surveying)

6. Surveying Stream slope = rise / run In the field:  rise = (determined by surveying) run = (calculated using the Pythagorean Theory)

8. Surveying Surveying: Using instruments to make measurements of the land

9. Surveying Terms

15. Surveying Data Table:

17. Rod Cross hairs Line of site Transit Stream Slope Bench Mark (BM)

19. Cross hairs Transit D BB Bench Mark (BM)

21. Cross hairs Transit D BB Bench Mark (BM)

23. Cross hairs Run BB Rise Stream D

24. Run BB Stream Rise D

25. Run Run Stream Rise Rise

26. Pythagorean Theory (Stream)2 = (Rise)2 + (Run)2 Run Stream Rise

28. Stream Team

29. Stream Team Goal of the stream team is to determine the stream discharge

30. Stream Team Goal of the stream team is to determine the stream discharge Stream discharge- watervolume released in a period of time

31. Q (discharge)

32. Stream Team Volume =

33. Stream Team Volume = width x height x length ( 3 dimensions)

34. Stream Team Volume = (width x height) x length Discharge (Q) = area x velocity (cubic feet per second)

35. Stream Team Stream width –

36. Stream Team Stream width – Distance from bank to bank at the cross-section

37. Stream Width

38. Stream Team Stream depth–

39. Stream Team Stream depth– average depth along the cross-section

40. Stream Team Stream depth– average depth along the cross-section (must be average since depth is not uniform)

41. Stream Team Average depth determined by taking depths at regular intervals and dividing by number of intervals

42. Stream Depth

43. Stream Team Stream area = width x depth (2 dimensions) (feet2)

44. Stream Team Stream length –

45. Stream Team Stream length = stream speed

46. Stream Speed

47. Stream Team Stream length = stream speed Speed (velocity) = distance/time

48. Distance

49. Time Distance

50. Time Distance