Sea clay River clay Peat Sandy soils Loamy soils

1. Soil map Sea clay River clay Peat Sandy soils Loamy soils

2. Dutch coast of the Northern Netherlands

4. Dutch Coast of Holland

5. River region

7. Higher sandy soils

9. Valley of a small stream

10. Formation of bog

11. Vegetation as a protection against weather influences

12. Do you really believe that noise will be reduced by a screen of trees?

13. Aesthetical value of trees

14. Aesthetiacal value of trees

16. Warning of an entrance by an accent

17. Hiding of industries behind trees

19. Filling up space and giving protection against the wind around the buildings

21. Trees marking a bend in the road and preventing the light of the cars shining in the houses during night

22. Well placed trees to prevent annoying sunshine for automobilists in the morning orthe evening

23. Degree of screening Wall: the planting blocks all vision Curtain: even, partial visibility through the planting Window: opening in the planting

24. Edge: maximum planting height 0.5 m Articulation: planting height between 0.5 and 1.5 m Partition: planting height between 2 and 5 m Screening: plantingis higher than 5 m Degree of screening

25. Even clear vertical : no variation in texture Layered: clear vertical variation in texture Degree of uniformity

26. Edgeprofile upright overhanging receding

27. Straight and ‘hard’: the planting has straight contours and ‘hard’ boundaries Ragged and ‘soft’: the planting has irregular contours and vague edges Degree of naturalness

28. Structure Trees with occasional shrubs Shrubs with occasional trees Trees Trees with a shrub margin Trees with a shrub layer Shrubs

29. the tree layer with a shrub layer 1 tree plantation 2 tree plantation with occasionally shrubs 3 shrub plantation with occasionally trees 4 shrub plantation 5 tree plantation with a shrub margin Open spaces in woodland Cultural process or planted Natural process of forming open spaces in woodland Cultural process or planted

30. This is necessary to ensure sufficient daylight penetration tree planting with a shrub margin Tree planting with a shrub margin

31. Suppression of species

32. Artificial succession

33. Daylight penetration

34. Lime (winter) Lime (summer)

35. 1. Soil containing humus 2. Capillary zone 3. Water table Fig. 67 Groundwater level approx. 1.25 m:Roots and branches: above ground = below ground Deep groundwater level: roots ‘search out’ water Soil and groundwater

36. Fig. 70 Tree pit ` A. Sinkhole B. Sawn kerb, min. length 500 C. Kerb type Cru 80 D. Tree grille Cruquius concrete blue limestone colour 1200 x 1200 x 120 E. Air grate F. Dark paving brick (size, 20x6.6x6) G. Dark paving brick (Waal size, 20x5x7)

37. Cross-section pavement root corridor road/main sewer pavement with cables and pipes

38. Modern tree pit design for the trees in the Plantagemiddenlaan, Amsterda groundwater grondwater compacted street sand verdicht straatzand gravel bed grindbed heavy clay zware klei drainage drainage bicycle path fietspad parking places parkeerplaatsen tree soil, compacted in two layers bomen grond met twee verdichte lagen road rijbaang asphalt asfalt soakaway zinkput pipe between drain and soakaway verbindingsbuis tussen drain en zinkput

40. Planting effects

41. Visual effects loose groups and solitaires rows rhythm canopy screen wall

42. Road and street planting from the carriageway screen / row wall Inner rows are lifted higher than outer rows flat canopy canopy, vault

43. Place and habitat Narrow street Wide street Tree and tramway Traffic Open space

44. Closed screen or wall

45. Hedges that form a pattern or composition of lines hedge along watercourse contrast hedge in open space hedge bordering car park harmony hedge as part of a mass hedge enclosing a garden partition edges hedge round a kindergarten background to a border hedge bordering a shrub bed complete screen shelter for seating edge

46. Crown raising Crown raising near building Crown along a canal Partial crown lifting Crown raising in a street Crown raising in grass

47. Pruning hedges vertical rounded tapered