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Utilizing Complimentary Data for Pollution Evaluation in Europe

Explore the integration of complimentary measurement data for assessing pollution levels in Europe, focusing on Heavy Metals (HMs) and POPs. Analysis from national programs and WGE supports model validation. Includes insights on air concentrations, precipitation fluxes, moss measurements, passive samplers, and more. Discover spatial distribution, uncertainties, and comparison of modelled vs. measured data. Presented at the EMEP/MSC-E 10th TFMM meeting in 2009, France, Paris.

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Utilizing Complimentary Data for Pollution Evaluation in Europe

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  1. The usage of complimentary measurement data from national programmes and WGE for evaluation of pollution levels in Europe and model validation Ilia Ilyin, EMEP/MSC-E EMEP/MSC-E 10th TFMM meeting,June, 2009, France, Paris

  2. Available monitoring data on Heavy Metals (HMs) and POPs “Traditional” EMEP monitoring data • Concentrations in air • Concentrations in precipitation & wet deposition fluxes “Complimentary” monitoring data • Concentrations of HMs in mosses (WGE/ICP-Vegetation) • Concentrations of POPs measured by passive samplers (national and international measurement campaigns ) • Throughfall measurements • Concentrations in waters, soils, vegetation …. EMEP/MSC-E 10th TFMM meeting,June, 2009, France, Paris

  3. Measurement network of POPs in air and in precipitation Global scale Europe and Central Asia POP measurement sites • Coverage is insufficient both and Europe and worldwide EMEP/MSC-E 10th TFMM meeting,June, 2009, France, Paris

  4. EMEP sites MONET sites Sampling sites RECETOX passive sampling network Spatial coverage of Global atmospheric passive sampling study (GAPS) Spatial coverage of MONET_CEEC network Monitoring of POPs with passive samplers UNEP and EMEP monitoring strategies include passive sampling campaigns: UNEP GAPS global EMEP/CCC regional RECETOX regional MONET regional EMEP/CCC passive sampling campaign EMEP/MSC-E 10th TFMM meeting,June, 2009, France, Paris

  5. Monitoring of POPs with passive samplers Monitoring network in the Central and Eastern Europe (MONET_CEEC) • Available for 2006, 2007, 2008 • More than 34 stations • About 50 POPs incl. HCH, PAH, PCBs … • Distinguished between - industrial - urban - suburban - rural - background Averaged modelled (ng/m3) and measured (ng/sample) air concentrations of PCB-153 EMEP/MSC-E 10th TFMM meeting,June, 2009, France, Paris

  6. Location Rcorr Urban background 0.50 Suburban 0.86 0.12 Rural 0.17 Background 0.63 All together Monitoring of POPs with passive samplers Spatial distribution of PCB-153 air concentrations EMEP/MSC-E 10th TFMM meeting,June, 2009, France, Paris

  7. Monitoring of POPs with passive samplers Conversion to air concentrations: sources of uncertainties Csample = Cair x ESR x t, ESR– Effective Sampling Rate t – exposure time ESR for European sites (UNEP/GAPS data) Sources of uncertainties • ESR estimation • Photodegradation during sampling • Evaporation • …… EMEP/MSC-E 10th TFMM meeting,June, 2009, France, Paris

  8. CCC passive sampling campaign • Wide spatial coverage • PCBs, B[a]P … • Year 2006 • Measured values converted to ng/m3 - CCC passive samplers - EMEP POPs measurements EMEP/MSC-E 10th TFMM meeting,June, 2009, France, Paris

  9. Comparison of modelled and measured by passive samplers concentrations in air of PCB-153 EMEP/MSC-E 10th TFMM meeting,June, 2009, France, Paris

  10. Comparison of calculated concentrations with EMEP passive and active measurements PCB-153 in 2006 EMEP/MSC-E 10th TFMM meeting,June, 2009, France, Paris

  11. Data on HM concentrations in mosses • Moss data source: ICP-Vegetation of WGE • Four pan-European moss surveys: 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2005/2006 • Measured concentrations in mosses of: Pb, Cd, Hg, As, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, V, Zn, Al, Sb, N • Up to 7000 individual values per metal per year EMEP/MSC-E 10th TFMM meeting,June, 2009, France, Paris

  12. Heavy Metal concentrations in mosses Why moss data can be useful? EMEP monitoring stations (1990 - 2006) EMEP monitoring stations + moss measurements Peculiarities of measurements in mosses: • wider spatial extension • more detailed spatial resolution EMEP/MSC-E 10th TFMM meeting,June, 2009, France, Paris

  13. Heavy Metal concentrations in mosses Preparation of moss and deposition data Moss data: • Individual moss samples converted to EMEP grid-cell averaged values • Data filtering: values outside (mean ± 3 σ) were not used in the comparison (about 2-3%) Deposition data: averaging over 3 year prior each survey EMEP/MSC-E 10th TFMM meeting,June, 2009, France, Paris

  14. Heavy Metal concentrations in mosses Comparison of spatial variability Normalized measured concentrations in mosses, wet deposition and modelled total depositions (Pb, 2005) Measured Conc. in mosses Modelled deposition - Measured wet deposition EMEP/MSC-E 10th TFMM meeting,June, 2009, France, Paris

  15. Heavy Metal concentrations in mosses Spatial distribution within countries (Pb, 2005) Pb, 2005 EMEP/MSC-E 10th TFMM meeting,June, 2009, France, Paris

  16. The highest emissions in BG (official data) Heavy Metal concentrations in mosses Spatial distribution within countries (Cd, 2005) Cd, 2005 EMEP/MSC-E 10th TFMM meeting,June, 2009, France, Paris

  17. Heavy Metal concentrations in mosses Trends of depositions and concentrations of in mosses (Pb) EMEP/MSC-E 10th TFMM meeting,June, 2009, France, Paris

  18. Heavy Metal concentrations in mosses Trends of depositions and concentrations of in mosses (Cd) EMEP/MSC-E 10th TFMM meeting,June, 2009, France, Paris

  19. Other monitoring data EMEP/MSC-E 10th TFMM meeting,June, 2009, France, Paris

  20. HM concentration in soil Pb concentration in European soils For other regions (Central Asia), SEE and EECCA countries, Asia, Africa default values are set! FOREGS (www.gtk.fi/publ/foregsatlas/) EMEP/MSC-E 10th TFMM meeting,June, 2009, France, Paris

  21. Conclusions • The usage of the measurement data on HMs in mosses (WGE) and POP passive sampling campaigns (MONET, CCC ) is promising approach for model validation and complex analysis of temporal trends and spatial distribution of pollution levels. • For Europe as a whole the spatial pattern of modeled deposition fluxes and concentration in mosses are similar: In most cases regions with higher deposition correspond to regions with higher moss concentrations and vice versa • Significant spatial correlation between modelled deposition of HMs and concentrations was found for Scandinaviaand some central European countries (e.g, Poland, Czech Republic…). • Long-term calculated deposition trends of HMs agree reasonably well with trends of concentrations in mosses EMEP/MSC-E 10th TFMM meeting,June, 2009, France, Paris

  22. Conclusions (cont.) • Results of passive sampling campaigns are useful for further refinement of description of POP pollution levels • Modelled PCB-153 air concentrations essentially correlate with measurements of passive sampling campaigns (MONET, CCC) • Measurements of HM and POP concentrations in soils, sea and fresh water and vegetation are needed • Further collaboration with WGE and national and international research groups in field of joint assessment of HM and POP pollution across Europe is highly appreciated EMEP/MSC-E 10th TFMM meeting,June, 2009, France, Paris

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