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“In Those Days…”

“In Those Days…”. Freedom!.

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“In Those Days…”

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  1. “In Those Days…”

  2. Freedom!

  3. Mat 24:6"You will be hearing of wars and rumors of wars. See that you are not frightened, for {those things} must take place, but {that} is not yet the end.For nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom, and in various places there will be famines and earthquakes.But all these things are {merely} the beginning of birth pangs.Then they will deliver you to tribulation, and will kill you, and you will be hated by all nations because of My name.At that time many will fall away and will betray one another and hate one another.Many false prophets will arise and will mislead many.Because lawlessness is increased, most people's love will grow cold.But the one who endures to the end, he will be saved.This gospel of the kingdom shall be preached in the whole world as a testimony to all the nations, and then the end will come. - NASB

  4. The Urban Legend • The Government • FEMA • Homeland Security • The United Nations • The Russians • The Chinese • “They” Are going to capture us all and put us all in slave labor camps or gas chambers!

  5. What to expect “In Those Days” • 1. Terrorism (CBRNE) • Chemical – Biological – Radiological – Nuclear - Explosive • 2. Disease - Pandemic • Natural or Man-Made (Terror Related) • 3. Natural Disasters • Fires, Floods, Earthquakes, Storms • 4. Persecution

  6. Terrorism

  7. Domestic Targeting of United States Interests • FBI definition of terrorism: • Activities that involve acts dangerous to human life that appear to be intended to intimidate or coerce a civilian population; to influence the policy of a government by mass destruction, assassination, or kidnapping (United States Congress, par. 3)

  8. Reasons Terrorists might use CBRNE (Chemical Biological Radiological Nuclear Explosive) • Low Cost • High Availability • Effectiveness • Hard to Detect • Maximum Benefit

  9. Critical Infrastructure Sectors • Energy • Transportation • Banking and Finance • Chemical Industry and Hazardous Materials • Postal and Shipping • Agriculture and Food • Water • Public Health • Emergency Services • Defense Industrial base • Telecommunications

  10. Nature of Possible Attacks • Disruption or arrest of the functions of critical infrastructure • Cascading disruption and financial consequences for government, society, and economy through public and private sector reactions • Exploitation of particular infrastructure for disruption or destruction of another

  11. Methods of Possible Attack • CBRNE (Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, Explosive) • Assassinations • Cyber Attacks (computer and electronic networks)

  12. Indicators of Biological Attack • Indicators at the scene • Verbal or written threats • Abandoned spray device • Biohazard, culture, or culture medium labels • Indicators for Medical Sector • Numerous calls to 911 asking for assistance and reporting similar signs and symptoms • Sudden rush of people showing up at urgent care facilities or emergency rooms showing similar signs and symptoms

  13. Indicators of Biological Attack • Mist or fog sprayed by slow-moving aircraft • Aerial bombs that pop, rather than explode • Sighting of insects not normally found in the region • Unusual concentrations of insects not normally found in region

  14. Indicators of Biological Attack • Disease that is unusual or does not occur naturally in area • Large numbers of casualties • Massive point-source outbreak • Dead animals of multiple species • Absence of natural vectors in area of outbreak

  15. Targets • The targets of biological agent attacks vary. Individual targets could be selected for revenge, for political reasons, for religious purposes, or to create fear: • Elected officials • Members of the media • Corporate officers • Christian, Jewish or Zionist sympathizers • Many others

  16. Incidents • Fall 2001: letters containing anthrax bacteria mailed to several news media offices and two U.S. Senators • October 2003: letter containing ricin addressed to D.O.T. found at postal-handling facility in S.C. Letter sent to Sen. Daschle in Fall 2001 www.ap.org

  17. Incidents (continued) • November 2003: letter addressed to White House intercepted after it was found to contain ricin • February 2004: ricin found on mail sorter in mailroom serving Sen. Bill Frist

  18. Biological Agents and Characteristics • Types • Dissemination • Availability • Routes of entry • Incubation periods • Signs and symptoms • Mortality • Basic Treatment

  19. Types of Biological Agents • Bacteria (Bacillus anthracis, Yersinia pestis) • Viruses (Variola major, Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers) • Toxins (Ricin, Botulinum Toxin Type A)

  20. Dissemination • Spraying devices • Direct deposit devices • Exploding devices • Vectors Flea www.pbs.org Hand-held pesticide sprayer with tank images.orgill.com

  21. Advantages of Using Biological Agents as WMD • Availability • Hard to detect • Used covertly • Easily spread • Tie up resources • Psychological impact • Difficult to prepare for

  22. Mass Casualty-Generating Potential of Biological Warfare Agents • This is a hypothetical dissemination by airplane of 50kg of drug agent along a 2-km line upwind of a population center of 500,000 people in a developing country. • Agent Downwind Reach (km) Dead Incapacitated • Rift Valley Fever 1 400 35,000 • Tick-borne Encephalitis 1 9,500 35,000 • Typhus 5 19,000 85,000 • Brucellosis 10 500 100,000 • Q Fever >20 150 125,000 • Tularemia >20 30,000 125,000 • Anthrax >20 95,000 125,000

  23. Radiological Dispersal Device (RDD) • The Department of Defense (DOD) defines an RDD as— "any device, including any weapon or equipment, other than a nuclear explosive device, specifically designed to employ radioactive material by disseminating it to cause destruction, damage, or injury by means of the radiation produced by the decay of such material"

  24. Common Radiation Exposures • Chest x-ray 10-30 mrem • Cigarette Smoking (1.5 packs daily over a year) 1300 mrem • Mild radiation sickness 200,000 mrem • Lethal dose 450,000 mrem • Max. annual routine dose 5,000 mrem • Max. emergency dose (property) 10,000 mrem • Max emergency dose (lifesaving) 25,000 mrem

  25. Health Hazards • Internal Hazard—Damage to the body caused by the inhalation, ingestion or intake of radioactive materials through open wounds. Radioactive materials inside the body can be taken up and made a part of body tissues • External Hazard—Damage to the body caused by prolonged exposure to external radiation. The radiation may be particulate or in the form of rays that penetrate the body

  26. Health Risks • Dose is the total amount of radiation received. Dose rate is the length of time of exposure. Health risks depend on the amount of radiation received and the length of time of exposure • Acute Exposure—large exposure over a short time. Symptoms such as skin burns, vomiting and indigestion appear more quickly • Chronic Exposure—small doses over a long time. Symptoms, such as tumors, are delayed

  27. Exposure Versus Contamination External Exposure External Contamination Internal Contamination

  28. Radiological Terrorism • Release of radioactive material by means other than explosives • Large-scale conventional explosives near radioactive material • Release and dispersal by conventional explosive devices eed.llnl.gov

  29. Visible Indicators • Unusual metal debris or containers • Radiation symbols or placards • Heat emitting material • Glowing material/particles • Victims with burns, skin reddening, vomiting

  30. Identification • Labels • Placards www.scienceexperts.com www.cwru.edu

  31. Source Detection Radiation can be detected and identified only with instrumentation. No Yes Radiation Detectors www.civildefensemuseum.com www.facilitycity.com

  32. Source Time Dose 25 mrem 100 mrem per hour x 15 min (.25 hour) = 25 mrem

  33. Shielding PAPER ALPHA PARTICLE CLOTHING BETA PARTICLE LEAD GAMMA RAYS

  34. Radiological Decontamination Strip Flush Cover Decontamination oem.sd.gov Decontamination www.nato.int

  35. What Can We Expect To Happen In A WMD Event In Our Area? • Depending on the type of event, you and your family will experience some form of decontamination. • The general public will be put through a rapid Triage type of decontamination based on their exposure. • Those of you who have taken the time and pains to protect yourselves will experience a much more detailed “Technical Decontamination”.

  36. Mass Decontamination • Time constrained • Low-pressure, high-volume water • Saves lives by reducing agent from skin of victims • Also known as emergency, gross, hasty, immediate Mass Decontamination www.sccfd.org

  37. Mass Decontamination (continued) • Ladder-Pipe Decontamination System (LDS) • Creates a longer decon corridor • Allows for decontamination of larger number of victims Ladder-Pipe Decontamination www.ecbc.army.mil

  38. Emergency Decontamination • Can occur at any time during a response operation • Copious amounts of water • Wash victim from top down • Speed is crucial: conduct rapid decontamination followed by response to the emergency Emergency Decontamination www.silcom.com

  39. Technical Decontamination • Not time constrained • Complete decontamination of the residual hazard • Usually for responders, their PPE, equipment, and facilities • Also known as thorough, deliberate, detailed, responder, definitive Indoor Technical Decontamination www.co.alexander.nc.us

  40. Secondary Decontamination Following mass decontamination As needed basis • Still symptomatic More thorough than mass decontamination Secondary Decontamination www.afrri.usuhs.mil

  41. Ambulatory Victims • Walk and assist in decontamination • Have minor injuries and minimum exposure • Processed by triage status Ambulatory Victim Decontamination www.firstlinetechnology.com

  42. Nonambulatory Victims • Victims cannot assist in decontamination process • Keep clothing away from the victim’s face • Cut clothing from head to toe Nonambulatory Victim Decontamination www.odmt.org

  43. Decontaminate Nonambulatory Victims • Speed and efficiency are crucial • Minimize exposure • Use care when handling victims during cut-out • Monitor responders for contamination Decontaminate Nonambulatory Victims mmst.ucsd.edu

  44. Questions?

  45. Disease(Pandemic)

  46. A flu pandemic is an outbreak caused by a new human flu virus that spreads around the world. Because the pandemic virus will be a new strain, many people could get very sick or could die before an effective vaccine is available.

  47. It’s not a matter of IF, but WHEN!

  48. Three flu pandemics happened in the 1900s. Near the end of World War I, the 1918 Flu Pandemic was the most severe flu pandemic of the century. It killed about 675,000 people in the United States and between 20 to 50 million people around the world.In the current H1N1 Pandemic, CDC estimates 12 million cases, 53,000 hospitalizations, and 2900 deaths.

  49. We have learned from past flu pandemics that during a pandemic, limiting contact among people helps to slow the spread of the virus and helps to save lives.

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