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Evidence for Biological Evolution

Evidence for Biological Evolution. Many observations can be made indicating the change of species over time. Observations from: Field Laboratory Agricultural Practices Medical Practices Based on data—Relate to Scientific Inquiry. Fossil Record. Succession of forms preserved as fossils.

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Evidence for Biological Evolution

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  1. Evidence for Biological Evolution • Many observations can be made indicating the change of species over time. • Observations from: • Field • Laboratory • Agricultural Practices • Medical Practices • Based on data—Relate to Scientific Inquiry

  2. Fossil Record • Succession of forms preserved as fossils. • Consistent with descent with modification • Transitional forms especially among organisms with extensive fossil records. • Relative Dating of Fossils • Radiometric Dating of Fossils

  3. Relative Dating • Sedimentary rock • Principle of Superposition • Record of organisms • Deeper layers older organism • ‘index fossils’ allow comparisons of different sites • Sequence tells us order of life

  4. Absolute Dating • Fossils (all life) contains isotopes of elements accumulated when alive. • Isotopes of Carbon (12, 14) • When fossil dies, it stops accumulating • Carbon-14 accumulated starts decaying into Nitrogen-14 at a known rate. • Can determine fossils age by measuring ratio of Carbon-14 to: • Total carbon • Nitrogen 14

  5. Biogeography • Distribution of species: • Compelling patters • Explained by relatedness • Adaptive Radiations • Additional Factors: • Continental Drift • Convergent Evolution

  6. Comparative Anatomy • Anatomical Homologies • Organisms have similar structures—though designed for different functions. • Arms, forelegs, flippers wigs of mammals represent modifications of common structure

  7. Comparative Embryology • Similar developmental features that develop into adult structures with different functions. • Gill Slits • Post-anal tail

  8. Vestigal Structures • Remnants of structures that served important functions s in an organisms’ ancestors. • Some snakes have vestiges of the pelvis and leg bones of their walking ancestors.

  9. Molecular Homologies • Reveal common ancestry. • DNA sequences • Amino Acid/Nucleotide sequences • Genetic Code

  10. Molecular Homologies • Reveal common ancestry. • DNA sequences • Amino Acid/Nucleotide sequences • Genetic Code

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