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EXHIBITIONS AND DISPLAYS Lecture PLANNING AND MANAGING EXHIBITION. DEFINITION OF TOPIC E XHIBITION: arrangement of material objects with particular thematic focus in given area with the purpose to introduce them to wide public
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EXHIBITIONS AND DISPLAYS Lecture PLANNING AND MANAGING EXHIBITION
DEFINITION OF TOPIC • EXHIBITION: • arrangement of material objects with particular thematic focus in given area with the purpose to introduce them to wide public • Exhibitions usually have a formal character and when preparing and holding them, such things like presentation in media, opening ceremony and pre-set length are important.
DEFINITION OF TOPIC • DISPLAY: • shorter • changed time to time • in spaces, that are not meant for exhibitions – e.g. on offices, school halls, in the rooms, where public meetings take place
JUSTIFICATION – importance of subject • In collaborative planning exhibitions and displays are mainly used to informpublic. • exhibitions in the beginning of the process – motivating, to enhance people’s interest and to arrange their attendance • exhibitions during the project – informing as well public as participants, classifying so far get results, holding the pace of the action, holding participants’ interest • exhibitions after the project – introducing the results to the public, motivating of other follow-up actions
ADVANTAGES – DISADVANTAGES COMFORT – people can choose the time to see the exhibition, how much time they will spend there and sometimes in which order they will see the exhibits. DANGER - that nobody will come FINACIAL COSTS ORGNIZING an exhibition can be both time and technical demanding. LIMITATIONS SPACE AND TIME LACK OF KNOWLEDGE from the organizers
DEFINING THE AUDIENCE • Answering these questions will help you: • who are our visitors? • what do they know about us and what do they expect? • how did they learn about this action? • when do they arrive and how long are they going to stay? • do they come in any organized group or are they families with children or single people? • where are they going afterwards?
COMMUNICATION WITH VISITORS • COMMUNICATION PRINCIPLES: • draw attention • make the communication pleasant • optimize the way of communication according to the audience • give people the structure • RULES OF SHARING THE EXPERIENCE • be selective and brief • clarify, who am I talking to • use the common language • use stories and quotations • use metaphors and comparisons • connect all aspects of the project • all instructions and signposts must be clear • do as much as possible test of all ideas before the exhibition starts
ORGANIZING THE EXHIBITION • STEPS: • motive → libretto → scenario → project → production → liquidation • OTHER TASKS: • propagation and advertising • system of informing and leading the visitor • supporting program • removal of the exhibition
SPACE STRUCTURE DOMINANTS: spatial objects, which forms the character of exposition, catches attention of visitors – express usually the main idea. Gradation of the experience – switching between dominant and rest place Main a side composition axes – dominant can be in the centre of side views open when walking through the exhibition Take care when choosing a number of accents
SPACE STRUCTURE • ORGANIZING OF MOVEMENT: • one way (different entrance and exit) • one–way with one–side view • one–way with both–sides view • free movement among exhibits • movement in two directions against each other One-way with one-side view One-way with both-sides view Free movement One entrance and exit Room added Two directions and collision points
SPACE STRUCTURE • LIGHT: • area light – shines equal in the whole space • spot light – shines to each exhibit • combined light – has advantages from both Spot lights for each panel Not glaring way of using lights View from dark to flood-light space Spot lights in dark space Combination of area and spot lights
SPACE STRUCTURE • ORIENTATION SYSTEM: • leads to activities, exhibits • both inside and outside exhibition • signs like where to find toilettes or refreshment necessary for comfort • clear, not misleading • INFORMATION SYSTEM: • informs abut things happening on particular place, contains labels, catalogues, leaflets, plans, schemes. • visitors are usually interested in how long the activity will last as well
ADVERTISING • WAYS OF ADVERTISING: • media – local newspapers, local radio broadcast • leaflets • advertisements on hoardings • INVITE ALL PEOPLE INVOLVED: • local authorities • interested voluntary groups • interested parties, stakeholders • individuals and experts on particular questions
EXHIBITION TECHNIQUES • EXHIBITION BOARDS: • briefness – maximum 200 words on the board • illustrations to describe things • note, that most people orientate better in panoramic maps than in topographic • use text easily readable, size of liters at least 8 mm, text divided into blocs or paragraphs containing c. 50 words • use headings for catching the interest, emphasize main ideas • enough space around the board • Advantages: • boards prepared as a integral whole are well arranged and easy to manipulate, can be made from light and resistant material, so it is easy to carry them and move the exhibition • Disadvantages: • both graphic design and production of the boards can be expensive – according to the materials and if we ask the professional graphic designer
EXHIBITION TECHNIQUES • DISPLAYS: • Materials made in processing the project can be shown in a suitable space (conference room, hall of participating administration body). • Materials serve to commemorate, how far the process is and to inspire participants. • Advantages: • both financial and space undemanding • can be changed often and easily • Disadvantages: • not so interesting for people not involved into the process, more for participants
EXHIBITION TECHNIQUES • MODELS, MAQUETES: • Advantages: • for shoving spatial situation are models clearer than maps • things, that visitors can even touch, can be easier kept in mind • Disadvantages: • preparation of models can be time demanding and expensive • DRAMATIC PERFORMANCES: • Advantages: • dynamic part in static exhibition • shows clearly the situation, introduces the exhibition • sometimes is possible to involve visitors to the performance, people start to talk more and discuss things • Disadvantages: • time and people demanding • performance must be well prepared
EXHIBITION TECHNIQUES • MULTIMEDIA: • audio-visual programs, light and sound effects, videos, interactive computer presentations • Advantages: • the story can be told in exciting and dramatic way • time can be speeded up or slowed-down, so that the audience can absorb the story • high quality of the performance • explanations in more languages can be provided easily • huge amount of data can be given • Disadvantages: • technology can be more interesting than exhibited subject • technical demanding • multimedia changes fast, after a short time can look old fashioned • can require periodical service • can be disappointing in the case of braking down and long time to wait for the specialist to come • interactive computers can’t satisfy big groups • computer in the exhibition space can disturb – with a crowd around it or sound effects
EXHIBITION TECHNIQUES • PUBLICATIONS: • souvenir • not to forget important information • links to problem presented • Advantages: • give a huge amount of information • information can be get not only in the exhibition • can inspire other people to visit the exhibition • Disadvantages: • people, who don’t like reading will not be interested
EVALUATION OF AN EXHIBITION OR DISPLAY • EVALUATION BEFORE THE EXHIBITION STARTS: • what does our audience already know about the question presented? • what are our audience prejudices? • how big the interest in the exhibition will be? • what could be the possible reactions? • EVALUATION DURING THE EXHIBITION: • does the audience understand the topic clearly? • does the audience see basic ideas? • is the graphic used well arranged? • does the exposition attract visitors’ attention?
EVALUATION OF AN EXHIBITION OR DISPLAY • EVALUATION METHODS: • indirect – visitors’ behaviour is observed without their awareness • direct – visitors are asked by interviews or questionnaires • quantitative – give numeric data in form of numbers, length of time spent in the exhibition, data from questionnaires; can be elaborated statistically • qualitative – give data in form of opinions, approaches, feelings or descriptions of behaviour
READING AND LINKS ESSENTIAL READING James Carter: A sense of place. An interpretive planning handbook. Second edition with revisions published in electronic format on the website of the Scottish interpretation Network (www.scotinterpnet.org.uk ) 2001. LINKS http://www.communityplanning.net/index.htm – The community planning website, helping people shape their cities, towns and villages in any part of the world. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION