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Personality

Personality. How would you describe your personality?. What is personality?. a pattern of characteristic thinking, feeling and behaving that distinguishes one person from another and is stable over time. Personality defined.

derek-mckinney
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Personality

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  1. Personality

  2. How would you describe your personality?

  3. What is personality? a pattern of characteristic thinking, feeling and behaving that distinguishes one person from another and is stable over time

  4. Personality defined scientific study of the whole person in terms of species-typical characteristics and individual differences species-typical characteristics concern how individuals are alike individual differences concerns how individuals are different

  5. Eight Keys • Unconscious • Sense of Identity • Biology • Conditioning and Learning • Cognitive • Traits and Skills • Spirituality • Interactions

  6. The Psychological Triad

  7. Three in conflict Feel… attraction towards another… Think… it would be wrong to act on this… Behave… approach and avoidance…

  8. Other Perspectives lots of definitions and conceptions 1) lay circles 2) pop psychology

  9. Lay Circles Personality? extraverted and outgoing warm and engaging

  10. Personality Tests • http://www.enneagraminstitute.com/intro.asp • http://www.deeshan.com/horochin.htm

  11. Pop Psychology

  12. Pop Psychology

  13. Ways to study personality Nomothetic Ideographic

  14. Ways to think about personality grand theories • Freud, Millon single dimensions • locus of control, extraversion

  15. Why study personality? Important for a variety of reasons when working with others

  16. Change versus Stability Can personality change? Begin to stabilize?

  17. The Grand Scheme sociology social psychology psychology (personality psychology) biology

  18. Comparisons Social Psychology Abnormal Psychology Development

  19. The Role of Science

  20. The Role of Science Personality Psychology = the scientific study of the whole person in terms of species-typical characteristics and individual differences

  21. Science? epistemology - the study of knowledge rationalism = knowledge by exercising the mind empiricism = one gains knowledge by sensory experience

  22. Science Induction – “bottom up” Deduction – “top down”

  23. Science 1) Observation 2) Theory 3) Testing

  24. A Brief History of Personality • 1859 – Darwin • 1880s – Galton • 1900 – Freud • 1906 – Pavlov • 1917 – First self-report measure

  25. A Brief History of Personality • 1919 – John B. Watson • 1910 to 1930s – Jung, Adler, Horney • 1920s – Kurt Lewin • 1930s – Henry Murray • 1930s – B. F. Skinner • 1930s – Margaret Mead

  26. A Brief History of Personality • 1930s – Allport • 1940s – R. B. Cattell • 1940s – Existential Psychology in US • 1950s – Humanistic, Cognitive, Biological • 1960s – Interactionist • 1970s – Study of Gender Differences

  27. A Brief History of Personality • 1970s – Behaviorism begins to fade • 1980s – Modern Interactionism • 1980s – Evolutionary and Cultural Psychology • 1990s – The Big Five • 1990s – Theories become narrower • 2000s – Neuroscience, Cognitive, Biological

  28. What is Next? anyone’s guess Ideas move in a dialectical fashion Current: empirical Future: the opposite of empirical

  29. Collecting Personality Data

  30. Collecting Data Self-report: S Data Peer-report: I Data Life outcomes: L Data Watch the person: B Data

  31. Data Collection Self-report “S Data” What person says about themselves Questionnaires Very common

  32. Data Collection Big Five

  33. Data Collection “S Data” Advantage • Best Expert • Cause of what you do • Simple and easy

  34. Data Collection “S Data” Disadvantage • 4 Sources of Distortion

  35. Data Collection Peer report I Data - “Informant”

  36. Data Collection 2) Peer report Advantage • Objectivity

  37. Data Collection Peer report Disadvantages Problem with closeness leniency or harshness effect

  38. Data Collection Life Outcomes L Data How much money? Arrested? Graduate?

  39. Data Collection Life Outcomes Advantage • Objective • Exactly what we study • Link to psych variables

  40. Data Collection Life Outcomes Disadvantage • Behavior is multi-determined

  41. Data Collection Direct Observation B Data Natural Observation

  42. Data Collection “B Data” Advantage • Objective • Quantifiable • Natural actions

  43. Data Collection “B Data” Disadvantage • Hawthorne Effect • Bias

  44. Total Assessment Behavioral Data L Data B Data Person Life Outcomes S Data I Data Peer Report Self-report

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