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Colonization 1500 – 1763

Colonization 1500 – 1763. Chapters 1-3. Objectives. Identify the primary nations that colonized North America and their objectives. State England’s process and chronological order of establishing colonies.

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Colonization 1500 – 1763

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  1. Colonization1500 – 1763 Chapters 1-3

  2. Objectives • Identify the primary nations that colonized North America and their objectives. • State England’s process and chronological order of establishing colonies. • Explain the religious, political, economical, and social structures in the south, north, and middle colonies. • Analyze differences between the three regions.

  3. Age of Exploration • Impacted by the Renaissance • Europe began exploration due to needs in trade and new technological tools. • In the age of exploration, three European Powers fought for control of North America: • Spain • Focused on exploitation of Indian wealth • France • Focused on fur trade • England • Late comer to the colony game

  4. The Main Players • All three powers setup colonies: • Santa Fe, 1610 Spain • Quebec, 1608 France • Jamestown, 1607 England • This sets the stage for a power struggle in North America.

  5. Elizabethan England • Protestant Elizabeth begins warring with Catholic Spain: • Spanish Armada defeat in 1588 • England now ruled the seas • Left with a sense of national destiny • Population looks to branch out

  6. Why Leave England? • Population increase in Britain • Enclosure movement • Primogeniture – first-born sons gets everything • Religious freedom – Puritans and separatists • Economic opportunity –a) based on Spanish wealth b) Jamestown • Joint-stock companies facilitated exploration • Dumping unwanted people - Georgia

  7. Jamestown Beginnings • Virginia Company • Charter guaranteed same rights as Englishmen. • Landed in May 1607 – approx. 100 men • Death was rampant • Men would not work • 1608 Capt. John Smith took over • Must work to eat • Decent relations with the Indians • In 1609 Smith returns to England • “Starving time” winter of 1609-1610 John Smith

  8. Jamestown Takes Root • In 1612 John Rolfe perfects methods for growing tobacco. • By 1616 tobacco is a staple export. • Impact of tobacco on Virginia: • Ruinous to the soil • Enchained the fortunes of Virginia to one crop • Demand for labor to work the plantations • First indentured servants, then the first Africans arrive in 1619 • Clashes with the Indians • Anglo-Powhatan War

  9. Self-Rule Precedent • House of Burgesses founded in 1619 • Causes suspicion by James I • Revokes charter and makes a royal colony

  10. The Southern Colonies • Plantation agriculture • Indentured and slave labor • Strong economic and social hierarchies • Widely scattered populations • Focus on profit • Poor relations with Indians

  11. Lord Baltimore Maryland • The fourth colony founded (second plantation colony) • In 1634 by Lord Baltimore as a “Catholic Haven.” • Large tracts of land were given to Catholics, but Protestants were also welcome. • Maryland Toleration Act (1649) decreed religious freedom for all except Jews and atheists. • The colony prospered thanks to tobacco. • Initially depended upon indentured servants.

  12. Carolina • In 1663 Carolina was named after King Charles II • The king gave 8 proprietors the rights to the colony, but they focused on the southern part • North part of Carolina had many squatters • In 1691 the northern region was recognized by the crown and called North Carolina • 1712 the Carolinas separated and in 1729 South Carolina became a Royal colony • In 1690s rice was introduced and became the staple crop.

  13. Georgia • Philanthropic experiment, founded by James Oglethorpe in 1733 – the last colony • Intended as a buffer between the French in Louisiana and Spanish in Florida – constant struggles. • Was meant as a refuge for English debtors • All Christians –except Catholics enjoyed religious freedom • Missionaries, including John Wesley, tried to convert the Indians.

  14. The Northern Colonies • Shaped by religious and political turmoil • Social order based on family and towns • Minimal diversity • Mostly founded on religious devotion • Town Hall Meetings

  15. Religious Dissention • Some factions look to escape Henry VIII’s Anglican Church. • Puritans • Separatists (are kicked out of England and move to Holland) • A group of Separatists negotiate with the Virginia Company to come to the colonies

  16. Founding Plymouth • 1620 found Plymouth off the coast of New England – become squatters • Agree upon the Mayflower Pact • Hard working and determined • In 1691 Plymouth merges with the Massachusetts Bay Colony

  17. Mass. Bay Colony • In 1629 Puritans gained a royal charter to settle in the New World • Thrived on fishing, furs, and ship building • Suffrage was extended to all males who were “freemen” and who belonged to the Puritan Churches • Had to be part of the church to vote • Strict religious beliefs keep other views out • Quakers • Anne Hutchinson • Roger Williams

  18. The land of outcasts – “Rogues Island” People who settled there were not necessarily similar, but not wanted elsewhere It secured a charter in 1644 which: recognized freedom of religion accepted a separation of church and state no taxes to support the church no compulsory church attendance Rhode Island

  19. Thomas Hooker Connecticut • In 1635 Hartford was founded by Rev. Thomas Hooker • The settlers were Puritans

  20. New Hampshire • John Mason left rigid Massachusetts for New Hampshire • In 1641 New Hampshire was absorbed by Massachusetts • In 1679 it was separated and made a royal colony

  21. Middle Colonies • Rivers helped trading • Industry grew • Moderate socially • More ethnically mixed • Cultural and religious diversity • Desirable land • Smaller farms • Better Indian relations

  22. New York • Dutch East India Company hires Henry Hudson for exploration. • Sails down the Hudson River and claimed area for the Dutch • Dutch West India Company founds New Netherland and purchases Manhattan Island from the Indians • Strong aristocratic with the help of patroonships • Charles II grants the area to his brother, the Duke of York. • Easily removes the Dutch

  23. William Penn Pennsylvania • In 1681 William Penn received a massive land grant from the king • Sympathetic to the Quakers • Well advertised – “forward looking spirits & substantial citizens” • Welcomed all people • Treated Indians with respect • Non-Quakers were violent against Indians • Grew quickly

  24. New Jersey & Delaware • New Jersey • Started in 1644 by two nobles who were granted the land from the Duke of York. • Many moved for new soil • Delaware • Under the governor of Pennsylvania until the American Revolution

  25. Images • http://www.ambrosevideo.com/resources/docs/112.JPG • http://www.english.upenn.edu/~bushnell/english-330/materials/introduction/elizabeth_1-g2.jpeg • http://www.millikin.edu/history/religiousviolence/images/jamestown.jpg • http://www.lewiscountyherald.com/tobacco.jpg • http://www.seacoastnh.com/arts/res/smith1.jpeg • http://library.yale.edu/MapColl/britain.GIF • http://www.culturalresources.com/images/LordBaltimore.jpg • http://www.etsu.edu/cas/history/resources/Private/Faculty/Fac_To1877ChapterDocFiles/ChapterImages/Ch3hooker.jpg

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