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Physical Properties

Introduction to the Atom. Physical Properties. The Atom. The smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element. Composed of subatomic particles Can combine with other atoms to form molecules. Subatomic Particles of the Nucleus. Protons Atomic Number Neutrons

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Physical Properties

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  1. Introduction to the Atom Physical Properties

  2. The Atom • The smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element. • Composed of subatomic particles • Can combine with other atoms to form molecules

  3. Subatomic Particles of the Nucleus • Protons • Atomic Number • Neutrons • Mass Number

  4. Electrons • Orbitals • Ions

  5. Introduction to the Atom continued Physical Properties

  6. The Atom • Empty space • Dalton • Thompson • Rutherford

  7. The Atom • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U83swkcL32w • http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=934_1206483500

  8. Element Names and symbols Physical Properties

  9. Elements

  10. Naming Elements • One, two, or three letter symbol unique to each element • First letter ALWAYS capitalized • CO vs Co

  11. Symbols • First letter of the element only • Examples: H, O, C, N, P, I, F, B, Y, U, V, • First Two Letters only: • Examples: He, Be, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Po, Bi… • First letter and another letter: • Examples: Rb, Pt, Rn, Cl, As, Pd, Re, Cs… • Random Letters? • Examples: K, Au, Ag, Hg, Na, Pb, Sn, Fe, W

  12. Research! • Work with your lab partner • Use a laptop to research the name, symbol, and derivation of the elements • Think: how did we go from Greek/Latin names to the names we use today? • What word did the symbol come from?

  13. Intermolecular Forces Physical Properties

  14. Intermolecular Forces: • Dipole – Dipole Forces • Hydrogen Bonding • Induced Dipole Forces • London Dispersion Forces • Ionic Attraction

  15. Intermolecular Forces • What do they do? • Stronger attraction, molecules stick together • What does this sound like? • Weaker attraction, molecules have more freedom to move • What does this sound like?

  16. Intermolecular Attractions Molecular Interactions

  17. Intermolecular Forces: • Dipole – Dipole Forces • Hydrogen Bonding • Induced Dipole Forces • London Dispersion Forces • Ionic Attraction

  18. What do they do? • Stronger attraction, molecules stick together • What does this sound like? • Weaker attraction, molecules have more freedom to move • What does this sound like?

  19. Homework • Think about the strength of the different types of intermolecular attractions. What does a strong attraction means about how the molecules interact with each other? What if the attraction is weak? • Answer the questions on the worksheet using the concepts we learned about intermolecular attractions. Provide a brief (1 or 2 sentences) explanation for your answer.

  20. Trends on the Periodic Table Properties of Matter

  21. Atomic Size and the Periodic Table • Moving down a group • Moving across a period

  22. Ionization Energy and the Periodic Table • Moving down a group • Moving across a period

  23. Electron Affinity and the Periodic Table • Moving down a group • Moving across a period

  24. Electronegativity and the Periodic Table • Moving down a group • Moving across a period

  25. Trends in the Periodic Table

  26. Electron Configuration Physical Properties

  27. Electron Orbitals • Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle • Orbitals

  28. Electron Orbitals • Shapes • www.youtube.com/watch?v=K-jNgq16jEY

  29. Electron Orbitals • Order of Addition

  30. Physical Properties Physical Properties of Substances

  31. Physical Properties • Definition • Color • Odor • Physical State (Solid, liquid, gas) • Melting Point • Boiling Point • Density

  32. Physical Properties: Density • Density = Mass / Volume • If 40 cubic centimeters has a mass of 10 grams, what is the density? • If 25 grams of a mass takes up 5 cubic centimeters, what is the density? • If a substance has a density 1.3 with a mass of 11 grams, what is the volume? • If 4 grams of a substance has a density of .08, what volume does it occupy?

  33. Partner Activity • Physical Properties are inherent properties that do not change within the same substance. Changing a substance changes the physical properties, and different physical properties means different substances. • Working with your partner, answer the questions below using the concepts we learned about physical properties and density. Where appropriate, explain your answers and/or show your work!

  34. Density Physical Properties

  35. Density • Mass of a substance per unit of volume. • D = M/V • Measures the amount of matter in a sample

  36. Investigation • Calculate Density • Density = Mass / Volume • Identify Substances

  37. Lab Safety! • Wear safety goggles at all times! • Wash hands after handling materials • Be careful with glass instruments – do NOT drop metal into glass! • Do not put metal samples down the drain

  38. Lab Follow Up Physical Properties

  39. Lab Findings • Percent Error = (experimental value) – (expected value) / (expected value) • Why did this happen?

  40. Density • Molecular Interactions and density • How do molecular interactions impact density?

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