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Warm-up Vocabulary

Warm-up Vocabulary. Caliph – ( pg 197) a successor of Muhammad as spiritual and temporal leader of the Muslims Jihad – ( pg 197) “ struggle, ” “ holy war, ” war to defend the faith; warriors killed in battle go to Paradise. Caliphate the area of land controlled by a Caliph Imam

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Warm-up Vocabulary

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  1. Warm-up Vocabulary • Caliph – (pg 197) • a successor of Muhammad as spiritual and temporal leader of the Muslims • Jihad – ( pg 197) • “struggle,”“holy war,” war to defend the faith; warriors killed in battle go to Paradise. • Caliphate • the area of land controlled by a Caliph • Imam • Highly respected local Islamic worship leader • Muslim’s do not have “priests”

  2. Role of Women in Islam • Quran granted spiritual and social equality • Women could inherit property • Men were still dominant • Every woman had a male guardian • Men could have more than one wife, but not more than four, but most could only afford one due to the dowry

  3. Spread of Islam Umayyads and Abbasids

  4. A quick review • Mohammed (570-632) founded Islam • Based on the messages he heard from Allah • Same God as the Jews and Christians • Quran – Muslim Holy Book • Teaches respect for Jews, Jesus and “the Book” [ the Bible] • 5 Pillars • Sets up a theocracy - Religion, gov’t, & army are combined • Followed by the first 4 Caliphs • called “Rightly Guided” • Strictly adhered to Quran

  5. Muslim conquest • Under the first 4 caliphs, Islam spreads across Persia and into north Africa (632-661) • Take Jerusalem in 638 • Jihad – “struggle,”“holy war,” war to defend the faith. • Warriors killed in battle will go to Paradise • Arabs are tolerant of other religions • But other religions pay high taxes • So it is cheaper to convert to Islam

  6. Umayyad Dynasty (661- 750) • 661 – 4th Caliph ((Mohammed's cousin) is assassinated • The Umayyad family takes over as caliph • Sets up succession by inheritance (dynasty) • Moves the capital from Medina, Arabia (the Prophet’s home) to Damascus, Syria • Builds the Dome of the Rock Mosque • On the site of the Jewish Temple

  7. Israeli military outside the temple walls in Jerusalem

  8. A split occurs (680) • Some unhappy about Umayyad takeover • Mohammad's grandson, Hussein, leads a revolt • Revolt fails, but leads to a split among Muslims

  9. A split occurs (680) Sunni Shiite Believe only descendants of Mohammed can lead the Islamic community Umayyads were usurpers Dominant - Iraq and Iran 10% of modern Muslims • Accept the caliphs chosen by the Islamic community at large. • 90% of modern Muslims

  10. Umayyad expansion • After the Shiite revolt fails, Umayyad continue to expand East (Indus) and West (North Africa & Spain) • Spanish Muslims - Moors • But support for Umayyad family weakens • Non-Arabs resent favoritism for Arabs • Leaders are becoming corrupt

  11. Abbasid Dynasty (750-1258) • 750 –the Abbasid family takes over • Emphasis is on trade, gov’t, rather than war • Moves the capital to Baghdad • Tigris river goes south to the Red Sea • It is on the Silk Road. • Less prejudice against non-Arabs • All Muslims can hold office • Freedom to marry across racial/national lines

  12. Umayyad Abbasid Mohammad

  13. Golden Age (800’s ) • Greek works are translated and saved • Muslims are studying science • The empire becomes wealthy controlling the silk road

  14. Decline and Division • Wealth, corruption, in-fighting for control • Non-Arabs rise to ruling class • Generals, civil servants • Local gov’ts start to break away • By 973,capital cities in Spain, Egypt and Baghdad all control a part of the divided empire.

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