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Avenanthramides in Oat Mitchell L. Wise USDA, ARS Cereal Crops Research Madison, WI

Avenanthramides in Oat Mitchell L. Wise USDA, ARS Cereal Crops Research Madison, WI. OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION. Phenylpropanoid/avenanthramide biosynthesis Health benefits of avenanthramides Application of suspension cultures to investigate avenanthramide biosynthesis.

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Avenanthramides in Oat Mitchell L. Wise USDA, ARS Cereal Crops Research Madison, WI

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  1. Avenanthramides in Oat Mitchell L. Wise USDA, ARS Cereal Crops Research Madison, WI

  2. OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION • Phenylpropanoid/avenanthramide biosynthesis • Health benefits of avenanthramides • Application of suspension cultures to investigate avenanthramide biosynthesis

  3. General Phenylpropaniod Pathway Glycolysis pentose phosphate + phosphoenolpyruvate erythrose-4-phosphate Protein Tryptophan/protein Shikimate pathway Tyr + Phe Anthranilate PAL Phenylpropanoids phytoalexins phenolic acids lignins flavonoids

  4. Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis

  5. Reaction of Phenylpropanoid and 5-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid Catalyzed by HHT Form R phenylpropanoid A (Bp) H p-Coumaric B (Bf) OH caffeic C (Bc) OCH3 ferulate

  6. Grain Avenanthramide Content Shows Strong Genotype X Environment Interaction Emmons & Peterson, Crop Sci 41:1676 (2001)

  7. Grain Avenanthramide Content Shows Strong Genotype X Environment Interaction Emmons & Peterson, Crop Sci 41:1676 (2001)

  8. Effect of Avenanthramide C on VSMC Proliferation [3H] thymidne incorporation (% of control) Nie, Wise, Peterson, Meydani, Atherosclerosis, 186, 260-266 (2006).

  9. Avn C inhibition of Restinoblastosis protein (pp-Rb) polyphosphorylation in VSMC Nie, Wise, Peterson, Meydani, Free Rad. Biol. Med, in press

  10. Effect of Dietary Avenanthramide C on Exercise Stressed Rats Reduction of oxidized glutathione levels and higher ratio of reduced to oxidized form of glutathione. O’Moore and Ji, (2006) unpublished results.

  11. Summary of Health Effects • Reduces vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation • Increased NO production • Inhibition of ppRb, arrest G1-S1 cell cycle progression • Elevation in anti-oxidant enzyme system in rats

  12. Oat (cv Belle) Suspension Cultures

  13. HPLC Trace of Media Extract Subsequent to Chitin Elicitation

  14. Avenanthramide A in Culture Media After Elicitation with Chitin

  15. Avenanthramide A in Tissue Extracts Subsequent to Chitin Elicitation

  16. Northern Analysis of Suspension Cells for Barley PR-1 and HHT Subsequent to Elicitation 18S RNA bPR-1 HHT

  17. HHT Enzyme Activity Post Induction

  18. Conclusions/Future Directions • Avenanthramides are a “value added” phytonutrient unique to oat • Avn content in the grain is highly variable • Basis for variability is unknown • Suspension cultures offer a model to study avenanthramide biosynthesis at the molecular level • SSH cDNA library prepared • What is the involvement of the various isozymes (HHT, 4-CL, PAL)?

  19. Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center MOHSEN MEYDANI LIN NIE Univ Wisconsin, Dept Kinesthesiology LI LI JI KATHLEEN O’MOORE Cereal Crops Research RACHEL ANGEL LAURI HERRIN NICKOLAS PARTRIDGE RON SKADSEN JOHN HERBST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

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