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World War II

World War II. Chapter 16. World War Looms. Section One: Dictators Threaten Peace. Communism. Definition: an economic and political system based on one-party government and state ownership of property. In the 1930’s communism only existed in the Soviet Union (USSR/Russia)

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World War II

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  1. World War II

  2. Chapter 16 World War Looms

  3. Section One: Dictators Threaten Peace

  4. Communism Definition: an economic and political system based on one-party government and state ownership of property. In the 1930’s communism only existed in the Soviet Union (USSR/Russia) Far left of political spectrum

  5. Fascism Definition: a political philosophy that advocated a strong, centralized, nationalistic government headed by a powerful dictator In the 1930’s fascism existed in Italy, Germany & Spain Far right of political spectrum

  6. Joseph Stalin:" the man of steel”Soviet Union (Russia)

  7. Stalin • Took power in 1924 after Lenin died • Stamped out private enterprise • State ownership of property • Turned Soviet Union into police state • Used five year plans to industrialize the Soviet Union • By 1939 became third largest industrial power after the U.S. & Germany • Great Purge of the 1930’s killed ten’s of thousands of Communist Party officials & military officers • Killed 8 to 13 million people from 1924 to 1953

  8. Benito MussoliniItaly

  9. Benito Mussolini“Il Duce” (the chief) • Established Fascist Party in 1921 • Came to power in 1922 • Military expansionism • Extreme Nationalism • Charismatic leader • Private property with strong government controls • Anti- Communist

  10. Adolf Hitler ”der Fuhrer” (the leader)

  11. AdolfHitler • Joins National Socialist German Workers Party (Nazi Party) in 1919 • Nazi party wins most votes in 1932 election • Appointed chancellor in January of 1933 • Ended the Weimar Republic & established the Third Reich

  12. Adolf Hitler His book Mien Kamph (My Struggle) laid out his plans • Extreme nationalist and wanted to join all German speaking people into one empire. (Third Reich) • Germans (Aryans) were the master race • Lebensraum (living space): the land the Germans were entitled to

  13. Japan Nationalist military leaders take control of government Hideki Tojo – becomes Prime Minister Invades and conquers Chinese province of Manchuria (1931) Japan leaves the League of Nations

  14. Aggression inEurope • Germany leaves the League of Nations (1933) • Officially begins military buildup in violation of Treaty of Versailles (1935) • Sends troops (army) into Rhineland (1936)

  15. Aggression in Europe • Italy invades and conquers Ethiopia (1935-1936) • League of Nations imposes ineffective economic boycott of Italy • Haile Selassie: Ethiopian Emperor “It is us today. It will be you tomorrow”

  16. American Isolationism • Strong antiwar feelings ( poll taken in 1937 stated 70% thought we should not have entered WWI) • Neutrality Acts: no arms sales or loans to nations at war (1935-36)

  17. Neutrality Breaks Down • Spanish Civil War: Germany & Italy assist Spanish fascists (Francisco Franco) in war. Many Americans sympathize with Republican government (1936-39) • Japan attacks China. U.S. sends supplies to China (Roosevelt uses loophole in law) (1937)

  18. Section Two War in Europe

  19. Austria March, 1938 German troops march into Austria unopposed and Anschluss (union) is declared the two German speaking nations.

  20. Czechoslovakia Spring of 1938 German media starts propaganda campaign declaring that the German speaking population of the Czech province Sudetenland is being abused by the Czech’s

  21. Munich Conference

  22. Munich Conference • Hitler invites the leaders France & Great Britain to meet with him in Munich, Germany to settle the Sudetenland problem • Hitler promises peace for the Sudetenland

  23. Munich Pact • Neville Chamberlain: Prime Minister of Great Britain • Edouard Daladier: Premier of France • Both agree to give Germany the Sudetenland in exchange for” last territorial demand” promise from Hitler • Munich Pact is signed in September 1938

  24. “Peace in Our Time” Prime Minister Chamberlain

  25. Czechoslovakia • Germany invades & annexes Czechoslovakia, March 1939 • Britain & France do nothing

  26. Nazis-Soviet Nonaggression Pact Germany and Soviet Union sign nonaggression pact August 23, 1939 Enables Germany to avoid two front war

  27. Poland Germany invades Poland September 1, 1939 Britain & France declare war on Germany September 3, 1939

  28. Poland Soviet Union invades Poland on September 17, 1939 per the secret agreement in the Nazis-Soviet Pact (Soviet Union annexes (takes over) 1/3 of Poland)

  29. Blitzkrieg Blitzkrieg = lightning war = the use of highly mobile land forces, supported by air forces to break through an enemies defenses

  30. Maginot Line French defensive line built between 1929 & 1940 that extended from the Swiss border to the border of Luxemburg British & French wait for Germans to attack (“Phony War” or “Sitzkrieg”)

  31. The Germans Attack • April 9, 1940: Germany invades Denmark & Norway • May 10, 1940: Germany attacks Holland, Belgium, Luxemburg, and France • Germans break through French defenses & trap British Army at Dunkirk

  32. France Falls • British Expeditionary Force (BEF) is able to escape back to England from Dunkirk • France surrenders June 22, 1940

  33. “We Shall Never Surrender” Winston Churchill replaces Chamberlain as Prime Minister of Britain, May 1940

  34. Charles De Gaulle • French General who escapes to Britain to organize French military resistance

  35. Battle of BritainAmerican Eagle Squadron

  36. Battle of Britain • July 10 thru October 30, 1940 • German Luftwaffe (air force) attacks Britain in a attempt to destroy the Royal Air Force (RAF) to clear the way for German invasion of Britain • Radar and the new British Hurricane & Spitfire fighters defeat Luftwaffe

  37. SectionThree The Holocaust

  38. The Holocaust • Nazis believed that the German people were a superior race (Aryan) • Nazis were anti-Semitic (hatred of Jews) • Blamed Jews for all Germany’s & the worlds problems

  39. The Holocaust • April 1933: Hitler takes power and orders all Jews to be removed from government jobs • 1935: Nuremberg Laws stripped Jews of civil rights & forced them to wear yellow Star of David • November 1938: Kristallnacht (“crystal night”) Nazi gangs attack Jewish shops

  40. The Holocaust America’s Response • Albert Einstein & other notable Jews are allowed to immigrate to U.S. • Total of 60,000 German Jews allowed to immigrate to U.S. • Immigration quotas were not increased to allow more because of U.S. anti- Semitism & job fears • German cruise ship St. Louis filled with German Jews not allowed to dock in U.S.

  41. The Holocaust The Final Solution • Targeted Jews, Gypsies, Jehovah's Witnesses, Freemasons, homosexuals, mentally & physically handicapped. • Used genocide (the deliberate & systematic killing of an entire people) • Placed its victims in concentration camps & later death camps

  42. A prisoner who has been subjected to low pressure experimentation at the Dachau concentration camp.

  43. The Holocaust The Final Solution • Six million Jews killed • Four million others killed

  44. Section Four America Moves Toward War

  45. Moving Away from Neutrality Neutrality Acts are modified to allow a “cash and carry” provision which allowed nations to buy arms if they paid cash & used own ships to transport them Roosevelt argued that helping Britain & France was best way to stay out of war

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