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Highlights: from BABAR to the FUTURE!

Highlights: from BABAR to the FUTURE!. Marcello A. Giorgi. 44th Course International School of Subnuclear Physics 2006 “ETTORE MAJORANA” Foundation and Centre for Scientific Culture. BaBar Physics GOALS. 1)Search for CP violation in B meson decays largely predicted by the Standard Model

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Highlights: from BABAR to the FUTURE!

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  1. Highlights: fromBABARto theFUTURE! Marcello A. Giorgi 44th CourseInternational School of Subnuclear Physics 2006 “ETTORE MAJORANA” Foundation and Centre for Scientific Culture Marcello A. Giorgi

  2. BaBar Physics GOALS 1)Search for CP violation in B meson decays largely predicted by the Standard Model 2)Test extensively at this low energy scale the Standard Model by measuring precisely enough quantities to impose constraints on the Standard Model parameters CP in b sector has been established by BaBar and Belle (2001) TRY to open windows on new Physics beyond Standard Model More precise CKM measurements, Rare B decays, Charm study, Tau rare decays . Marcello A. Giorgi

  3. CPV in decay: 3 ways to CP violation CPV in mixing: CPV in the interference decay-mixing: For example: decays to CP eigenstates Marcello A. Giorgi

  4. Observables: “direct” CP asymmetry CP   +  -     ACP A1 = |A1| A1 = |A1| i f i f A2 = |A2| ei ei A2 = |A2| ei ei    (CP-conserving)    (CP-violating) Time-integrated “direct” CP asymmetry requires two amplitudes and: A =A1+A2 A =A1+A2 A Marcello A. Giorgi

  5. Observables time-dependent CP asymmetry Af B0 fCP B0 fCP CP Af Af Af B0 B0 Asymmetry For single decay amplitude Interference between mixing and decay to a CP eigenstate. Flavor-tagged time-dependent decay rates are different! they are governed by the “CP parameter”: Amplitude ratio CP eigenvalue  ei2 from mixing Marcello A. Giorgi

  6. CP in Standard Model (K system) d•s* = 0 (Bs system) s•b* = 0 (Bd system) d•b* = 0 B0 Mixing bul B()  B() l bcl BD(*)l CP Violating phase CKM quark mixing matrix Unitarity Marcello A. Giorgi

  7. PEP-II & BaBar 11 Countries, 80 Institutions, 623 Physicists • Lmax = 1.12 X 1033 cm–2s–1 • Ldt = 371 fb–1@{Υ(4S)+off(~10%)} • (>3.7x108 B events) Charged tracking/vertexing • 5-layer DSSD Si µstrip • 40 layers (He-isobutane) Hadron identification • tracker: dE/dx • DIRC imaging Cerenkov Electron/photon • CsI calorimeter Muon/KL • Instrumented flux return Marcello A. Giorgi

  8. KEKB & Belle Belle detector Ares RF cavity e+ source 13 countries, 57 institutes, ~400 collaborators 8 x 3.5 GeV 22 mrad crossing angle SCC RF(HER) ARES(LER) 8GeV (e-)  3.5GeV (e+) peak luminosity: 1.651034cm-2s-1 since 1999 Marcello A. Giorgi

  9. Integrated Luminosity As of July 24, 2006 KEKB + PEP-II 1000/fb !! ~ 1 Billion BB pairs KEKB for Belle PEP-II for BaBar Marcello A. Giorgi

  10. No evidence so far of CPV in Bd mixing Experimental status: from measurements at LEP, CLEO, BaBar and Belle: HFAG, Winter’05 average Not easy to improve: systematics! For example, the most recent paper:BELLE, hep-ex/0505017: BELLE 2005 (78 + 9) fb-1 < 1/5 of the available data ! Marcello A. Giorgi

  11. ICHEP2006 Time Dep. CPV: sin2b in b g ccs M.Hazumi B0gDh0 (h0 = p0 etc.) Time-dependent Dalitz analysis  cos2b > 0 Belle: 98.3%CL (hep-ex/0605023, accepted by PRL) BaBar 87% CL (BABAR-CONF06/017) K.George Marcello A. Giorgi

  12. Extraction of CKM angle g Basic Idea Color suppressed D0 Dalitz plot method m.a.g.& n.neri Marcello A. Giorgi

  13. Combined Results including GLW and ADS Updated! G.Marchiori ICHEP06 Combined for 3 modes: φ3=53°+15 3° (syst)9° (model) (Dalitz,GLWandADS ) 8°<φ3<111° (2σ interval) rDK =0.159+0.054 0.012(syst)0.049(model) CPV significance: 74% rD*K=0.175+0.108 0.013(syst)0.049(model) rDK*=0.564+0.216 0.041(syst)0.084(model) Marcello A. Giorgi

  14. Global results on CKM angle g Marcello A. Giorgi

  15. Vub and VcbSides determination from semileptonic decays bc(u) l n Vub Vcbandg are correlated. Semileptonic decays allow the determination of the sides V*ub/V*cb g Inclusive and exclusive modes are used to mesaure Vuband Vcb Marcello A. Giorgi

  16. Contribution of g, |Vub|, |Vcb| to UT |Vcb|= 42.0±0.7 INCLUSIVE |Vub|/ |Vcb| compatible with the other CKM measurements including b Inclusive! gis not yet constraining ! Marcello A. Giorgi

  17. EXTRACTION of a : Still discrepancies between Babar and Belle on Bpp M.Hazumi ICHEP06 (C = -A) 2.3s difference. Marcello A. Giorgi

  18. inputs B(p+p0) = (5.75 0.42) B(p+p-) = (5.20 0.25)  10-6 B(p0p0) = (1.30 0.21) A(p0p0) = +0.35 0.33 S(p+p-) = -0.59  0.09 A(p+p-) = +0.39  0.07 a from B0→p+p− full analysis No stringent constraint obtained with pp system alone  need rr and rp Marcello A. Giorgi

  19. New ! a constraints from B0→r+r− decay Isospin triangle now closed! Long.Polarized (New r+r0 from BABAR) Marcello A. Giorgi

  20. ICHEP06 a from all modes: BaBar(pp/rp/rr) + Belle(pp/rr) +5 -19 aGlobal Fit = [ 98 ] º a/f2 = [93 ] +11 - 9 consistent with a global fit w/o a/f2 Marcello A. Giorgi

  21. sin2b and loops In SM interference between B mixing, K mixing and Penguin bsss or bsdd gives the same e-2ib as in tree process bccs. However loops can also be sensitive to New Physics! Purely dimensional estimate New phases from SUSY? Marcello A. Giorgi

  22. Winter vs. Summer 05 Lp05 Deviation from SM: No theory error: 3.7 s Naïve theory errors: 2.9 s Marcello A. Giorgi

  23. ICHEP06: b from bgs Penguins Smaller than bgccs in all of 9 modes Theory tends to predict positive shifts (originating from phase in Vts) Preliminary Naïve average of all b g s modes sin2beff = 0.52 ± 0.05 2.6 s deviation between penguin and tree (b g s) (b g c) More statistics crucial for mode-by-mode studies! Marcello A. Giorgi

  24. Comment on averaging On purely dimensional considerations the corrections to the bs penguins are ranging between 5% and 20% , on the other hand the sign of the corrections is far from been the same for different channels. As I mentioned at ICHEP averaging the results on penguins is something adventurous and not simply legitimate. The averaged value can be diluted and non reflecting the real amount of the difference from sin2b value of charmonium. CP asymmetries in bs penguins will show perhaps the first indications of new physics. But HIGHER STATISTICS needed! Marcello A. Giorgi

  25. On Rare Decays b + H+ u  WHY? If new particles are to appear on-shell at high energy colliders, they must appear in virtual loops and affect amplitudes Chance to see them when the Standard Model amplitudes are Small : Rare decays Marcello A. Giorgi

  26. Experimental techniques W+ + d,s + W+ u,c,t  u W-  - + + H+ ~  u d,s  - Limits from N= S + b N small Uncertainties on , b Continuum suppression from combined information from shape variables efficiency is ~0.4-0.7% ( bbar pair) And other diagrams Proceeds through one or two weak bosons with strong CKM suppression Space open to NP quanta to contribute. Free of hadronic uncertainties in final state Marcello A. Giorgi

  27. B  (new) tag with fully reconstructed B mesons (180 channels) BF<1.80@90%CL (revised). 3.5  significance Tag with BD(*)l ICHEP06 Browder (Belle) Sekula (BaBar) Important as W (suppressed by Vub) can be replaced by charged Higgs, etc SM prediction (1.59 0.40) x 10-4 (depends on fB and Vub) Difficult due to neutrinos in the final state Averaged (1.36  0.48)x10-4 Marcello A. Giorgi

  28. Impact ICHEP06 Barlow Limits on e.g. 2 Higgs doublet model: W.S.Hou, PRD 48, 2342 (1993) SM prediction enhanced/reduced by factor rH Or: Within the SM, use the value of BF(B++) to give a measurement of fB Marcello A. Giorgi

  29. Kl+l- for NP ICHEP06Kovalskyi Angular variables e.g.*: angle of l l pair in their rest frame. C10 interferes with C7/C9 to give asymmetry K*ll Asymmetry as a function of q2 Marcello A. Giorgi

  30. Search for New Physics (Lepton Flavour Violation) BaBar result Excluded region Belle result The B factories are also  factories (+  -) = 0.89 nb at s = M() Total sample of ~1.5 billion taus 90% CL limits Br ( - e-g ) < 12 x 10-8 Br (-m- g ) < 4.1 x 10-8 Br ( -  e- g ) < 11 x 10-8 Br ( - m- g ) < 6.7 x 10-8 R.Barlow ICHEP06 Marcello A. Giorgi

  31. BUT also Spectroscopy Rare states are accessible to Babar thanks to the very high statistics that can be collected with a luminosity of 10 34 cm -2 s -1 . BABAR has first observed Ds(2317) and BELLE the X(3872) and Y(3940) , then : MANY OTHER STATES Methods: Selection on Charm decay…… Initial State Radiation ISR…. Marcello A. Giorgi

  32. DsJ and many other new particles…… Ds1 Ds0 Daniele Del Re ICHEP06 Hot topic two years ago: Mass and width are far from predicted DsJ*(2317)+ DsJ(2460)+ ~100 MeV/c2 New DK state(s) at 2.86GeV/c2 Bg subtracted Ds2(2573)+ • Evident new resonance at 2.86GeV/c2 • Hints of a broad state at 2.69GeV/c2 • No possible reflection found • Radial excitations??? ? ? M(DK) GeV/c2 Marcello A. Giorgi

  33. Charm baryons Peter Kim , Session 9-1 Roman Mizuk, Session 9-1 New baryon in D0p Belle confirms in c  c(2880)+A New Decay Mode New Charm Baryon: c(2940)+ c(2940) or  c(2940)? No isospin partner found in D+p Λc(2880) N / 2.5 MeV Λc(2940) Λc(2765) Lc(2880)+ N_sig = 2280 ± 310 M(Σc(2455)0,++π±) Lc(2940)+ Wrong sign D0p BR(D0p)/ BR( Σcπ)=? Need to measure both channels in one expt. D0 mass sidebands No identification yet for this state hep-ex/0603052 Marcello A. Giorgi

  34. XYZ eeY(4260) (2S) eeY(4350) c2’ eeJ/ X(3940) X(3872)J/ Y(3940)J/ Many new charmonium states: 6 above DD threshold + 2 below (c(2S) and hc) for last 4 years Most of heavy charmonium like stares are not explained by theory Marcello A. Giorgi

  35. What in future? PEPII and Babar will end operations in 2008 (Tevatron will end in 2009 ). What Bfactories at very hign lumi can add to the exploration beyond the SM in the era of LHC ? Can the achievable experimental sensitivity and the theoretical uncertainties allow the opening of a window on NP in the flavour sector? Marcello A. Giorgi

  36. Estimate of some Theoretical Uncertainties Ligeti, ICHEP 2004 Marcello A. Giorgi

  37. UNIVERSAL UT fit with 50 ab-1 Universal fit makes only use of quantities independent of NP contributions within MFV Marcello A. Giorgi

  38. Extrapolation at high Lumi Marcello A. Giorgi

  39. CAVEAT on PENGUINS Some effects seen in by Belle/BABAR could appear intriguing, but … • Belle /BABAR results on specific modes are not in detailed agreement • There are non-negligible SM theory uncertainties in many modes • Vulnerability will remain even if results in the next few years reach 4+s Better look to some clean mode. Example: f23 mass insertion f13 mass insertion DACP (J/ KS-fKS) DACP (J/ KS-p0KS) fKS (as now) fKS 30 ab-1 Ciuchini, Franco, Martinelli, Masiero, & Silvestrini Marcello A. Giorgi

  40. bsl+l- precision measurements Marcello A. Giorgi

  41. Rare Decays Marcello A. Giorgi

  42. PHYSICS CASE for Super Flavour Factory The physics case for a Super Flavour Factory is solid if : The sample of data available in a few years of running would be bigger than 50 ab -1 and approaching 100 ab -1 (10 11 B Bbar, tau and charm pairs) .L between 1036 and 1037 cm-2 s-1 Possibility of running at lower CM Energy still with L >1035for special runs on Charm and t . Possibility of one polarized beam for Tviolation studies in t. The running period is overlapped to LHC. (Results from Super Flavour Factory and LHC are largely complementary). See for example: Report from Roadmap committee (Slac.BABAR Analysis Doc#828 26July2004) The Discovery Potential of a Super B Factory (Slac-R-709) Letter of Intent for KEK Super B Factory ( KEK Report 2004-4 ) Physics at Super B Factory ( hep-ex/0406071 ) Many documents available at the URL : www.pi.infn.it/SuperB Marcello A. Giorgi

  43. Summary from Oide’s talk at 2005 2nd Hawaii SuperBF Workshop • Present design of SuperKEKB (SAME CONSIDERATIONS FOR PEPII) hits fundamental limits in the beam-beam effect and the bunch length (HOM & CSR) Higher current is the only way to increase the luminosity . • Many technical and cost issues are expected with a new RF system We need a completely different collider scheme..... Marcello A. Giorgi

  44. Issues • HIGH CURRENT and HIGH BACKGROUND IS AN ISSUE FOR : • DETECTOR DESIGN • WALL POWER NEEDED (even >>100MW) Marcello A. Giorgi

  45. SuperB new approach based on ILC FF and DR Crossing angle = 2*15 mrad ILC rings & ILC FF SuperB Contributors (Accelerator): BINP: Koop,Levichev, Shatilov KEKB: Ohmi LNF: Biagini, Raimondi, Zobov Pisa: M.A.G., Paoloni SLAC: Novokhatski, Seeman, Seryi, Sullivan, Wienands Marcello A. Giorgi

  46. REQUIREMENTS High luminosity requires: - short bunches - small vertical emittance - large horizontal size and emittance to mimimize beam-beam For a ring: • easy to achieve small horizontal emittance and horizontal size • Hard to make short bunches Crossing angle swaps X with Z, so the high luminosity requirements are naturally met: Luminosity goes with 1/ex and is weakly dependent by sz Marcello A. Giorgi

  47. “Crab waist” (P. Raimondi) x bY e- e+ 2sx/q q 2sz*q z 2sz 2sx Vertical waist has to be a function of x: Z=0 for particles at –sx(- sx/2q at low current) Z= sx/q for particles at +sx(sx/2q at low current) Crabbed waist realized with a sextupole in phase with the IP in X and at p/2 in Y “Crab waist” removes beam-beam betratron coupling Introduced by the crossing angle For a fixed longitudinal position, by does not depend on the horizontal motion anymore ! No vertical modulation due to the horizontal oscillations ! Marcello A. Giorgi

  48. BB simulations with ILC code Horizontal Plane Vertical Plane Collisions with uncompressed beams Crossing angle = 2*15 mrad Relative Emittance growth per collision: eyout/eyin=1. 5x10-3 Crab waist scheme is planned to be tested in 2007 in DAFNE Marcello A. Giorgi

  49. Machine parameters • Present parameter set based on ILCDR-like parameters 3.0 Km long rings studied with ILC OCS (Baseline) lattice scaled to 4 and 7 GeV : • Same DR emittances • Same DR bunch length • 1.5 times DR bunch charges • Same ILC-IP betas • Crossing angle and “crab waist” to minimize bb blowup • PEP-KEK DR damping time 17ms • Fewer and lower field wigglers used (pm ) • Final Focus(ILC-like) included • Design based on recycling all PEP hardware, Bends, Quads and Sexts, and RF system • Maximize Luminosity keeping low DE and wall power. Marcello A. Giorgi

  50. Ring Parameters IP Parameters L1036 cm-2 s-1 Marcello A. Giorgi

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