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Emissions Inventory Overview-Part 1

Emissions Inventory Overview-Part 1. Melinda Ronca-Battista, ITEP/TAMS Center. Overview. What is an Emissions Inventory and why do we need one? Part 1 - EI Fundamentals Types of EIs Pollutants and Sources Outcome is a Level 4 EI: List of sources and pollutants Part 2 - EI Advanced

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Emissions Inventory Overview-Part 1

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  1. Emissions Inventory Overview-Part 1 Melinda Ronca-Battista, ITEP/TAMS Center

  2. Overview • What is an Emissions Inventory and why do we need one? • Part 1 - EI Fundamentals • Types of EIs • Pollutants and Sources • Outcome is a Level 4 EI: List of sources and pollutants • Part 2- EI Advanced • Using TEISS calculators and Emission Factors • Outcome is a Level 1, 2, or 3 EI, with calculated emissions • Reporting

  3. What is an Emissions Inventory? • Listing of sources and air pollutants in geographic area during specific time period • Level 4 will just have list • Level 1, 2, or 3 have calculated emissions

  4. How are EI data used? • Air quality management tool • Collect baseline data • Develop & track emissions control and management strategies • Regulations development • Air quality modeling and assessment • Permits • Do you have facilities that need permits? • Operating conditions (potential to emit) • Fees • Emissions trading • Regulatory compliance

  5. What are Emissions? • Criteria Pollutants • Particulate matter: PM10 and PM2.5 • Nitrogen oxides: NOx • Sulfur dioxide: SO2 • Carbon monoxide: CO • Lead: Pb • Ozone precursors • Ammonia: NH3 • Volatile Organic Compounds: VOCs • HAPs (Air Toxics) • 187 toxic, carcinogenic compounds without regulated standards

  6. Criteria Pollutants • What about Ozone? • Ozone is not emitted directly by sources • EIs inventory ozone precursors • VOCs • NOx • Both react with sunlight to form ozone • NOx and VOCs get inventoried, but not ozone itself

  7. HAPs (Air Toxics) • 187 compounds listed in CAA including • Mercury (power plants, coal-fired) • Perchloroethylene (dry cleaning) • Benzene (gasoline) • Chloroform (chlorination plants, paper mills) • Methyl Isocyanate (pesticide manufacturing) • Release at Bhopal, India, killed 4,000 people • The list goes on…

  8. What are Emission Sources? Non-Road Mobile Sources Event Sources Non-Point Sources (Area Sources) Point Sources On-Road Mobile Sources Based on EPA

  9. Steps to your EI: Level 4 EI – Gather Existing Data • Everyone should start by doing a Level 4 EI • Compile existing data from the National Emission Inventory (NEI) • Shows air pollution emitting facilities in your area (point sources) • Identifies non-point sources that create most emissions in your area • This first step allows you to see what is already in the EPA database that has been reported by state and local agencies

  10. Level 4 EI is outcome of this workshop: • Mock EI we will work through • Your EI you work through • Mock EI covers: • Point • Nonpoint • Non-road • On-road • Obtain from the EPA’s national database-the National Emission Inventory (NEI) data • Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP)

  11. Types of Sources • Point sources = Stationary sources • Area sources = Non-Point sources • Event Sources • Mobile sources • On-Road (cars, motorcycles, trucks, buses) • Non-Road (off-road equipment) • Biogenic sources

  12. What is a Point Source? • Individual, stationary source • Emitting quantities above the emission threshold • Emission thresholds vary according to type of pollutant and that location’s non-attainment area classification • See EPA’s Air Emission Reporting Requirement (AERR) for federal thresholds

  13. What is a Point Source? • AERR reporting thresholds are quite high • Many states have lower thresholds • Consider using state thresholds to define your reservation’s point sources • Makes EI compatible with others in your area • Get a more detailed listing of point sources • Example: Busy gas station can be point source under state thresholds, but not EPA’s • If not a point source, classify as a nonpoint source

  14. Example: Point Source Thresholds in Tons per Year (tpy)

  15. Point Source Characteristics • Large, stationary sources • Manufacturing or production plants • Power plants, refineries • Large, industrial facilities • A single point source facility can have emissions from • Smoke stacks • Units within directed to stacks • Fugitive sources within plant

  16. Area (Non-Point) Sources • Stationary sources that emit • Less than point source threshold • Smaller emitters, but numerous • Often have fugitive (uncontrollable) emissions • Tend to be sources like • Gasoline stations • Dry cleaners • Auto body/paint shops • Unpaved roads

  17. Other Nonpoint Sources • Other nonpoint source examples • Agricultural field burning • Residential wood combustion • Residential combustion of household waste (backyard burning)

  18. Event Sources • Wildfires and prescribed burning • Now inventoried as EVENTS

  19. On-Road Mobile Sources • Vehicles found on roads and highways (e.g., cars, trucks, buses, motorcycles) • 20 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and metals quantified (Urban Air Toxics) • Diesel particulate matter and diesel exhaust organic gases also quantified

  20. Non-Road Mobile Sources • Mobile sources not found on roads and highways • Lawn mowers • Construction Vehicles • Farm machinery • Exceptions • Commercial marine vessels and locomotives usually reported as a nonpoint source • Aircraft usually reported as point sources at an airport

  21. Aircraft • Note about aircraft • ALL airports are now considered point sources in the NEI • If you have airports on your reservation, check the most recent NEI data. Use it in your EI. • UNLESS you have more accurate data

  22. Biogenic Sources • Naturally occurring emissions • Vegetation: Trees, shrubs, grasses • Microbial: Soil bacteria, termites • EPA estimates these emissions on a county level for entire country… • …so you don’t have to

  23. Point, Nonpoint, Non-road Mobile, On-Road Mobile or Event?

  24. Point, Nonpoint, Non-road Mobile, On-Road Mobile or Event?

  25. Point, Nonpoint, Non-road Mobile, On-Road Mobile or Event?

  26. Point, Nonpoint, Non-road Mobile, On-Road Mobile or Event?

  27. Point, Nonpoint, Non-road Mobile, On-Road Mobile or Event?

  28. Point, Nonpoint, Non-road Mobile, On-Road Mobile or Event?

  29. Point, Nonpoint, Non-road Mobile, On-Road Mobile or Event?

  30. Point, Nonpoint, Non-road Mobile, On-Road Mobile or Event?

  31. Review of Mock EI • The mock EI, MyReservationEI, is in the zipped module folder • Review first 3 sections • Introduction • Reservation Location • Emissions Area

  32. Location • County • Area • Population • Description of land use (rural) • Nearby cities, towns

  33. Emissions Area for this Level 4 EI: • Point Sources: Level 4 EI usually includes point sources within a “buffer area” (typically 5 to 50 miles, depending on the type of sources) around the reservation • Nonpoint, non-road, and on-road: entire surrounding county(ies) • Use TEISS to make a map and include in your final EI report

  34. Homework due in 5 days: • Based on information you already know about your land, what sources are there? • Using the MyReservationEI as a template, write your Introduction, Reservation Location, and Emissions Area sections • Email a MS Word document containing these 3 sections to instructor Next module: all you need to know about TEISS for a Level 4 EI

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