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Review

Review. Intro K2 functions of glial cells parts of neurons types of neurons electrical transmission of information stretch reflex Genes and Behavior K3 what are genes? Heredity, kinds of mutations Per and Tim genes genes and disease Cytology K4 how are neurons like epithelial cells

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Review

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  1. Review • Intro K2 • functions of glial cells • parts of neurons • types of neurons • electrical transmission of information • stretch reflex • Genes and Behavior K3 • what are genes? • Heredity, kinds of mutations • Per and Tim genes • genes and disease • Cytology K4 • how are neurons like epithelial cells • cytoskeleton • myelin • spines • Synthesis and Trafficking K5 • translation and transcription • protein sorting and packaging • transport and motors

  2. Ion Channels K6 • selectivity • conformational changes • techniques to study • how gated? • Diversity • Membrane potential K7 • ionic basis • ionic concentrations • how created • Nernst and Goldman Equations • techniques to study • circuit descriptions • Passive Signaling K8 • capacitance • ohm’s law • length and time constants • flow of current • myelin

  3. Action potential K9 • current flow • channel kinetics • activation and inactivation • ball and chain • variations on a theme • diversity of firing properties • delayed firing • bursting • accommodation • mechanisms of voltage gating • modulation of firing rate • Synaptic Transmission Overview K10 • Electrical vs. chemical • Neuromuscular Junction K11 • NMJ vs. Central Synapses • End Plate Potential – nACh • Both Na+ and K+

  4. Synaptic Integration K12 • Excitatory vs. Inhibitory • Spatial and temporal summation • Patterns of inputs • Second messengers • Metabotropic vs. Ionotropic • Second messengers amplify but are slower • Second messengers interact with one another • Second messengers can have both short- and long-term effects • Transmitter Release K 14 • Ca++ trigger • Quantal release • Synaptic vesicles – steps and proteins • Many factors regulate amount of release • Neurotransmitters K 15 • Criteria to be considered a transmitter • Peptides vs. small molecule transmitters • synthesis • Corelease • Removal from cleft

  5. Myasthenia Gravis K 16 • Diagnosis • Treatment • Cause • Early Development P22 • Genetic control • Generation of neural diversity • Construction of Neural Circuits P23 • Growth cone • Axon guidance mechanisms • Topographic maps • Neurotrophic factors • Developmental Plasticity P24 • Critical periods • Ocular dominance plasticity • Adult Plasticity and Learning P25 • Synaptic plasticity • Habituation, Sensitization, Association • LTP and LTD in mammalian brain • Plasticity in adult cerebral cortex

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