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South-south and Triangular Cooperation. Antonio Tujan Jr. CO chair Betteraid IBON International. Definitions and characteristics.
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South-south and Triangular Cooperation Antonio Tujan Jr. CO chair Betteraid IBON International
Definitions and characteristics • Development cooperation between two developing countries whereas triangular cooperation includes a developed third partner providing funds to scale up (not to subcontract) cooperation in kind from ssc provider • Not necessarily limited to transfer of development finance in monetary form or in kind, but also includes other forms of cooperation such as trade • Generally recognized in the form of technical assistance found more appropriate than Northern TA but also a lot of development financing and infrastructure loans at concessional terms • Main bulk comes from China and Saudi Arabia, the rest are small but politically significant. Overall SSC is also small
Significance of SSC • Comparable levels of development translate to more appropriate forms of assistance and greater awareness of partner country needs and situation • General adherence to principles of equality, mutual interest, sovereignty and non-interference, thus no conditionality • Power relations, though essentially unequal, relatively balanced by level, experience and avowed principles – horizontal • Great diversity among SSC providers, among BRICS, between BRICS, Arab and others
Political importance of SSC issue • Challenge to traditional, DAC donors • Current geopolitics • In the campaign to shift discourse to development cooperation • Asserting country leadership in addressing fragmentation rather than donor coord • Promoting eradication of policy conditionality and equality/mutuality and non-interference as fundamental principles in international cooperation • Expanding the agenda of HR and development effectiveness (including democratic ownership) to international cooperation in general
Issues in SSC and Triangular cooperation • Promoting adherance to Busan principles (BB and other efforts) • Tied aid? • Role of private sector • ‘China issue’ and ’good donorship’ • Promoting HR