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Labor studies

Labor studies. Eadweard Muybridge (1830 – 1904). Eadweard Muybridge (1830 – 1904). Photographer. Eadweard Muybridge (1830 – 1904). Photographer of nature (Yosemite Park). Eadweard Muybridge (1830 – 1904). Photographer of nature (Yosemite Park) of war .

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Labor studies

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  1. Labor studies

  2. Eadweard Muybridge (1830 – 1904)

  3. Eadweard Muybridge (1830 – 1904) Photographer

  4. Eadweard Muybridge (1830 – 1904) Photographer of nature (Yosemite Park)

  5. Eadweard Muybridge (1830 – 1904) Photographer of nature (Yosemite Park) of war

  6. Eadweard Muybridge (1830 – 1904) Photographer of nature (Yosemite Park) of war of ethnic groups

  7. Eadweard Muybridge (1830 – 1904) Photographer of nature (Yosemite Park) of war of ethnic groups Using photography to capture humans and animals in motion: series of cameras that are triggered by threads

  8. Muybridge, Horse in motion

  9. Eadweard Muybridge (1830 – 1904)

  10. Eadweard Muybridge (1830 – 1904)

  11. Eadweard Muybridge (1830 – 1904)

  12. Eadweard Muybridge (1830 – 1904)

  13. Eadweard Muybridge (1830 – 1904)

  14. Étinenne-Jules Marey (1830 – 1904)

  15. Physiologist

  16. Physiologist Invents chronophotograph to capture motion 12 frames per second, recorded on same picture

  17. Chronophotograph (1882)

  18. Marey’s child movement studies

  19. Marey’schronophotography in action

  20. Marcel Duchamp, Nude Descending A Staircase (1912)

  21. Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856 – 1915)

  22. entered Harvard

  23. Almost entered Harvard

  24. Almost entered Harvard, but instead apprenticed himself to Enterprise Hydraulic Works in Philadelphia

  25. Almost entered Harvard, but instead apprenticed himself to Enterprise Hydraulic Works in Philadelphia Sought to improve productivity in how workers use machines and tools: “the greatest prosperity can exist only […] when each man and each machine are turning out the largest possible output” (12).

  26. Almost entered Harvard, but instead apprenticed himself to Enterprise Hydraulic Works in Philadelphia Sought to improve productivity in how workers use machines and tools: “the greatest prosperity can exist only […] when each man and each machine are turning out the largest possible output” (12).

  27. Against rule-of-thumb method; experiment in order to economize all movements

  28. Brick-laying: “Through all this minute study of the motions to be made by the bricklayer in laying bricks in standard conditions, Mr. Gilbreth has reduced his movements from eighteen motions per brick to five, and even in one case to as low as two motions per brick” (79) (Detailed in “Motion Study”)

  29. Experiments in order to economize movement Brick-laying: “Through all this minute study of the motions to be made by the bricklayer in laying bricks in standard conditions, Mr. Gilbreth has reduced his movements from eighteen motions per brick to five, and even in one case to as low as two motions per brick” (79) (Detailed in “Motion Study”)

  30. Against rule-of-thumb method; experiment in order to economize all movements Break down motions into parts; eliminate unnecessary motions

  31. “After completing this series of experiments, therefore, each man’s work for each day was translated into foot-pounds of energy” (55)

  32. “After completing this series of experiments, therefore, each man’s work for each day was translated into foot-pounds of energy” (55)

  33. Against rule-of-thumb method; experiment in order to economize all movements Break down motions into parts; eliminate unnecessary motions Conserving energy

  34. Management implications: Division between manager (scientist) and worker.

  35. Pig iron: “The pig-iron handler stoops down, picks up a pig weighing about 92 pounds, walks for a few feet or yards and then drops it on to the ground or upon a pile. This work is so crude and elementary in its nature that the writer firmly believes that it would be possible to train an intelligent gorilla so as to become a more efficient pig-iron handler than any man can be.” (40).

  36. solve: under-working (intentionally going too slowly can be tiring)

  37. solve: under-working (intentionally going too slowly can be tiring) soldiering

  38. solve: under-working (intentionally going too slowly can be tiring) soldiering Preserve: Division between management and worker

  39. solve: under-working (intentionally going too slowly can be tiring) soldiering Preserve: Division between management and worker Common prosperity

  40. Henry Ford’s Model T assembly line

  41. VsevolodMeyerhold (1874 – 1940) Theater of the first machine age

  42. VsevolodMeyerhold (1874 – 1940) Theater of the first machine age New acting and movement: biomechanics

  43. VsevolodMeyerhold (1874 – 1940) Theater of the first machine age New acting and movement: biomechanics Taylorism for the stage

  44. Meyerhold’s biomechanics

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