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First Activities in Acoustic Detection of Particles in UPV

Explore the first activities in acoustic detection of particles, including transducer design, hydrophone calibration, signal propagation simulation, and connections with neutrino detection.

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First Activities in Acoustic Detection of Particles in UPV

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  1. First Activities in Acoustic Detection of Particles in UPV M. Ardid, J. Ramis, V. Espinosa, J.A. Martínez-Mora, F. Camarena, J. Alba, V. Sanchez-Morcillo Departament de Física Aplicada, E.P.S. Gandia, Universitat Politècnica de València

  2. Contents • DISAO group • Experience in acoustic fields and connections with neutrino detection • First activities related to particle detection • Design of piezoelectric transducers • Characterization and calibration of hydrophones • Simulation of the propagation of the signal in the sea • Conclusions and future

  3. DISAO group 14 researchers working in: (3 of them with Ph.D. in experimental particle physics) ULTRASOUNDS TRANSDUCTION Non-destructive analysis (fruits, leakages) Materials Positioning Vibroacoustics, holography Biomass in fisheries Piezoelectrics Neutrino detection Difussors, room acoustics Thermoacoustic Model Quality of sound Intense beams Noise mapping NON-LINEAR ACOUSTICS PSYCHOACOUSTICS

  4. DISAO group 14 researchers working in: Non-destructive analysis ULTRASOUNDS TRANSDUCTION NON-LINEAR ACOUSTICS PSYCHOACOUSTICS Materials Holography Positioning Piezoelectrics Biomass in fisheries NEUTRINO DETECTION Vibroacoustics Thermoacoustic model Diffusors Room acoustics Intense beams Quality of sound Noise mapping

  5. Connections with neutrino detection • Transducers of ultrasounds Example of application: Non-destructive analysis of fruits

  6. Emission reference Surface reference transducer Echoes of fishes Surface echo 0 2 4 12 14 16 Time (ms) Connections with neutrino detection • Studies in the sea Example of application: study of biomass in fisheries

  7. E(w) Initial conditions Amplitude Spectrum Connections with neutrino detection • Non-linear acoustics Intense beams Thermoacoustic resonator Self-trapped states of sound Self-organization of sound

  8. First activities related to neutrino detection

  9. Z0l0/4 dm Z0l0/4 dm Backwards acoustic gate F2 u2 Forward acoustic gate F2 u2 1 : f jX1 Electric gate V1 I1 C0 R0 Design of piezoelectrics transducers • Software based on the localized constants method using the modified KLM model, R. Krimholtz et al., Electronic Letters 6 (1970)

  10. Design of piezoelectrics transducers • Simulation of the whole transducer (not only the piezoelectric) Friendly interface

  11. Design of piezoelectrics transducers Excitation Response in Time and Frequency Emitting and Receiving Transfer Functions • Results Input acoustic impedance

  12. Design of piezoelectrics transducers • Next steps: • Exhaustive comparison between simulation and experimental results • Comparison of the results with finite element methods • Include piezoelectrics with different geometries (not only discs/cylinders) • Upgrade the model including more effects by using secondary circuits • Use it, to design the best piezoelectrics sensors for acoustic detection of neutrinos • Future: • Include the improved model in the simulation package for acoustic detection of neutrinos

  13. expected Rough calibration Characterization and calibration of hydrophones • The calibration of hydrophones in the lab is not an easy task: • There are reflections, diffraction, etc, which could affect well-known methods of calibration like the reciprocity method. • We are working in designing a method for hydrophone calibration

  14. Characterization and calibration of hydrophones • MLS (Maximum Length Sequence) signal: • Pseudo-random signal, analogical version of digital sequence consisting of values 1 and -1. • Periodic with the period T=2N - 1, where N is the "order of the sequence", and has a flat frequency distribution. • Circular autocorrelation provides a delta function MLS order 6

  15. Characterization and calibration of hydrophones • Time and frequency response of the system (two hydrophones + tank) using the MLS signal • knowing the response of two elements, we could know the third one

  16. Characterization and calibration of hydrophones • Next steps: • Learn more about the different effects involved in acoustic calibration of hydrophones • Study the calibration with different signals (short signals with few pulses, white noise, continuous waves, sweep signal, MLS) • Improve the conditions of measurement and calibration of the lab: building an anechoic tank • Design a trustful system of calibration in the lab • Look for a ‘good and simple’ “neutrino” signal for calibration • Future: • Design and characterize different sensors for neutrino detection • Design a trustful system of calibration in neutrino detection sites

  17. Simulation of the propagation of the signal in the sea • Since recently we are using The Acoustic ToolBox, which includes four acoustic models: • BELLHOP: A beam/ray trace code • KRAKEN: A normal mode code • SCOOTER: A finite element FFP code • SPARC: A time domain FFP code • We show the application of this code to learn about the contribution of the sea surface noise to the deep-water noise in the Mediterranean Sea.

  18. q q=2º q=6.7º q=11.4º q=16º Simulation of the propagation of the signal in the sea • BELLHOP: beam/ray tracing. The rays with small angles of emission are curved and do not reach the deep sea.

  19. Depth of the sea (m) 2400 Depth of the sea (m) 3400 2400 4100 4100 Simulation of the propagation of the signal in the sea • Transmission loss for the propagation of sound in the Mediterranean Sea for a source in the surface and measuring in the sea floor for different depths given by the normal mode code KRAKEN. f = 1 kHz f = 15 kHz, no absorp. in water

  20. Simulation of the propagation of the signal in the sea • Next steps: • Learn more about acoustical oceanography codes • Include some effects, which are not taken yet into consideration • Use the parameters of possible neutrino detector sites (if available) • Compare the results with other simulation packages and validate them • Upgrade the model for acoustic neutrino detection purposes. • Future: • Include the improved model in the simulation package for acoustic detection of neutrinos • Use it for the inverse problem, neutrino source location

  21. Conclusions and Future • Conclusions: • We have started to work in some aspects of acoustic neutrino detection: design of piezoelectric transducers, calibration of hydrophones and propagation of acoustic signal in the sea, reaching some results but knowing that there is a long way still. • We have seen that we can apply knowledge from different acoustic fields to the neutrino detection problem • Therefore, multidisciplinary collaboration of acoustic and particle physics people is encouraged • Future: • To consolidate this line of research in our group • To participate in an international collaboration which faces this complex problem in an organised and efficient way.

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