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Ecology

Ecology. is the study of interactions that take place between organisms and their environment. Ecology is study of interactions between . non-living components in the environment … light water wind nutrients in soil heat solar radiation atmosphere, etc. AND….

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Ecology

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  1. Ecology is the study of interactions that take place between organisms and their environment.

  2. Ecology is study of interactions between • non-living components in the environment… • light • water • wind • nutrients in soil • heat • solar radiation • atmosphere, etc. AND…

  3. Living organisms… • Plants • Animals • Fungi • microorganisms in soil, etc.

  4. To study Ecology involves… • For non-living (abiotic) • Climatology • Hydrology • Oceanography • Physics • Chemistry • Geology • soil analysis, etc. • For living (biotic) • animal behavior • Taxonomy • Physiology • mathematics (population studies) • etc.

  5. Can you find all of the living things? What nonliving things are important to the living organisms in this picture?

  6. Ecology… • views each locale as an integrated whole of interdependent parts that function as a unit. caribou tundra

  7. The interdependent parts are…

  8. Nonliving • dead organic matter • nutrients in the soil and water. • Producers • green plants • Green algae Tundra

  9. Consumers • Herbivores, carnivores, & omnivores • Decomposers • fungi and bacteria Tundra Caribou

  10. Levels of Organization • Ecologists study individual organisms, interactions among organisms of the same species, interactions among organisms of different species, as well as the effects of abiotic factors on interacting species. • Ecologists have organized the living world into levels—the organism by itself, populations, communities, and ecosystems.

  11. Levels of organization - Terms • Biosphere • Surface of the earth • All places on earth that supports life • Ecosystem • Large or small as we decide • Backyard, Human body (GROSS!), Badin Lake • Includes all biotic & abiotic factors

  12. The biosphere is the portion of Earth that supports living things. The Biosphere • It extends from high in the atmosphere to the bottom of the oceans.

  13. Biotic and abiotic factors form ecosystems • An ecosystem is made up of interacting populations in a biological community and the community’s abiotic factors. • There are two major kinds of ecosystems—terrestrial ecosystems and aquatic ecosystems.

  14. Very complex • Can contain 100’s to 1000’s of interacting species.

  15. Levels of organization - Terms • Community – All populations (diff. species) that live in a particular area. (only biotic factors) • Population – one species live in one place at one time

  16. Interactions within populations • A population is a group of organisms, all of the same species, which interbreed and live in the same area at the same time.

  17. Interactions within populations • Members of the same population may compete with each other for food, water, mates, or other resources. • Competition can occur whether resources are in short supply or not.

  18. Interactions within communities • A biological community is made up of interacting populations in a certain area at a certain time.

  19. Levels of organization - Terms • Organism – simplest level of organization

  20. Organism • An individual living thing that is made of cells, uses energy, reproduces, responds, grows, and develops.

  21. Habitat vs Niche Habitat-where an organism lives Niche-things it does to live and survive

  22. Organisms in Ecosystems • A habitat is the place where an organism lives out its life. • The organism’s address.

  23. Niche • Although several species may share a habitat, the food, shelter, and other essential resources of that habitat are often used in different ways. • A niche is the role or position a species has in its environment—how it meets its specific needs for food and shelter, how and where it survives, and where it reproduces in its environment.

  24. Niche • A species’ niche, therefore, includes all its interactions with the biotic and abiotic parts of its habitat. • It is thought that two species can’t exist for long in the same community if their niches are the same.

  25. STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS The drawings below represent five levels of ecological organization. In the spaces provided, label the levels and number them from 1 to 5, with 1 being the most inclusive.

  26. The study of interactions that take place between organisms and their environment is __________. A. abiosis B. symbiosis C. ecology D. biology

  27. Which of the following is found in the biosphere? A. ozone layer B. maria C. the Sun D. constellation Orion

  28. Which of the following is a biotic factor? A. moisture B. soil C. earthworm D. light

  29. A(n) __________ is a group of organisms, all of the same species, which interbreed and live in the same place at the same time. A. biological community B. population C. ecosystem D. habitat

  30. Which of the following is a biological community? A. the organisms living in your backyard today B. the tadpoles living in a pond C. the abiotic factors in the environment D. the factors interacting in an aquatic ecosystem

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