Naming and Writing acids

1. Naming and Writing acids

2. What are Binary Acids? Binary means two elements Acid means it contains hydrogen The second element is a nonmetal hydrogen – nonmetal Naming All binary acids follow the pattern as shown below:

3. Stem or root of nonmetal Prefix Suffix Acid -ic Hydro- < NM > HCl is a binary acid – hydrogen - nonmetal HCl Acid Hydro chlor ic Hydro iod ic Acid HI Hydro sulfur ic Acid H2S

4. Given the name, how do you write formulas for binary acids? The obvious pattern of the name tells you that it is a binary acid. Hydro<NM>ic Acid. Therefore, you know that the acids begins with hydrogen and contains a nonmetal which you can identify between the “Hydro” and the “ic” To arrive at the formula, you “pretend” that hydrogen is +1 and using the normal charge of the nonmetal, balance the formula by supplying subscripts. Hydrofluoric Acid The name tells you that this is a binary acid. H+1 F-1 HF

5. Hydrophosphoric acid The name tells you that it is definitely a binary acid. H+1 P-3 H3P Remember that the P has a -3 charge because it is in group 15

6. Let’s Practice Ca(OH)2 Calcium hydroxide SO2 Sulfur dioxide (NH4)3PO4 Ammonium phosphate Co2(CO3)3 Cobalt (III) carbonate HBr Hydrobromic acid Ternary Ionic Binary molecular Ternary Ionic Ternary Ionic Binary acid

7. Potassium acetate KC2H3O2 Cadmium nitrate Cd(NO3)2 Aluminum oxide Al2O3 Hydrosulfuric acid H2S Difluorine trioxide F2O3 Ternary Ionic Ternary Ionic Binary Ionic Binary acid Binary molecular

8. The fifth category of compounds is Ternary Acids. These compounds begin with hydrogen since they are “acids”. Attached to the hydrogen is a polyatomic ion Hydrogen – polyatomic ion

9. How are Ternary Acids named? There are two categories of naming depending on the suffix of the polyatomic ion. First Category: If the polyatomic ion has a suffix of –ate or –ide, use the following pattern: suffix -ic acid <Root of polyatomic ion> Ternary Acid – contains the polyatomic ion nitrate (suffix –ate). Ternary Acid – contains the polyatomic ion cyanide (suffix –ide). Ternary Acid – contains the polyatomic ion sulfate (suffix –ate). Ternary Acid – contains the polyatomic ion chlorate (suffix –ate) ic HClO3 Chlor Acid ic Nitr Acid HNO3 ic Sulfur Acid H2SO4 ic HCN Cyan Acid

10. Second Category:If the polyatomic ion has a suffix of –ite, use the following pattern: suffix -ous acid <Root of polyatomic ion> Ternary acid contains polyatomic ion, nitrite (-ite suffix). HNO2 acid Nitr ous Chlor ous acid Ternary acid contains polyatomic ion, chlorite (-ite suffix). HClO2 Ternary acid contains polyatomic ion, sulfite (-ite suffix). Sulfur ous acid H2SO3

11. How are Ternary Acids named? First, a ternary acid is easy to distinguish from a binary acid. ALL binary acids have the prefix “hydro-”. NO Ternary acids have the prefix “hydro-”. Acetic acid This is an acid, but NOT a binary acid. This is a ternary acid. The “-ic” suffix in the acid name tells you that the polyatomic ion must have a “-ate” suffix – acetate. To write the formula, pretend that hydrogen is +1 and balance the charges. H+1 C2H3O2-1 HC2H3O2

12. Hypochlorous acid This is a Ternary acid (does not begin with “hydro-”. H+1 ClO-1 The “-ous” suffix indicates that the polyatomic ion in this acid has a suffix of “-ite” - hypochlorite HClO Pretend that hydrogen is +1 and balance the charges. This is a Ternary acid (does not begin with “hydro-”. Phosphoric acid H3PO4 The “-ic” suffix indicates that the polyatomic ion in this acid has a suffix of “-ate” - phosphate Pretend that hydrogen is +1 and balance the charges.

13. This concludes Module 13!