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The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp by Rembrandt , 1632

INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEMATIC ANATOMY. The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp by Rembrandt , 1632. Kaan Yücel M.D., Ph.D . 12 . November 201 3 TUESDAY . . INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEMATIC ANATOMY. MOLECULES. ATOMS. . INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEMATIC ANATOMY.

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The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp by Rembrandt , 1632

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  1. INTRODUCTIONTO SYSTEMATICANATOMY The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. NicolaesTulpbyRembrandt, 1632 Kaan Yücel M.D., Ph.D. 12 . November2013 TUESDAY

  2. . INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEMATIC ANATOMY • MOLECULES ATOMS

  3. . INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEMATIC ANATOMY Trillions of the cells in the human body

  4. . INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEMATIC ANATOMY Tissues

  5. . INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEMATIC ANATOMY 78 organs in the body

  6. . INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEMATIC ANATOMY 9 -13 systems

  7. . INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEMATIC ANATOMY HUMAN BODY

  8. Systems in the body 1. SkeletalSystem 2. Articularsystem 3. MuscularSystem 4. Cardiovascular (Circulatory) System 5. RespiratorySystem 6. Digestive (Alimentary) System 7. Urinary (Excretory) System 8. Reproductive (Genital) System 9. Endocrine System 10.Nervous system 11.Integumentary system Locomotorsystem

  9. LOCOMOTOR SYSTEM

  10. LOCOMOTOR SYSTEM • None of the systems functions • in isolation. • passive skeletal &articular systems • active muscular system • collectively constitute a supersystem • locomotor system • must work together to produce locomotion of the body.

  11. LOCOMOTOR SYSTEM brain and nerves of the nervous system stimulate them to act. arteries and veins of the circulatory system supply oxygen and nutrients remove waste from these structures. sensory organs (especially vision and equilibrium) play important roles in directing their activities.

  12. Skeletal System • bones and cartilages Bones are organs, and along with the cartilages form the skeletal system.

  13. Skeletal System • bones and cartilages For parts of the human body, other organs, muscles, vessels, etc. a framework is required. The sketetal system actually provides this framework for the body with its strong composure.

  14. Skeletal System Providesour basic shape. Supportsthe soft tissues Vitalfor the movement. Servesas a point of attachment for ligaments, tendons, fascia, and muscle.

  15. Skeletal System PROTECTION

  16. Cranium (Skull) skeleton of the head protectsthe brain which resides within itself.

  17. Vertebralcolumn protects the spinal cord In an adult typically consists of 33 vertebrae arranged in 5 regions 7 cervicalvertebrae 12 thoracicvertebrae 5 lumbarvertebrae 5 sacralvertebrae 4 coccygealvertebrae

  18. Thorax part of the body between the neck and abdomen The thoracic skeleton forms a framework to protect two vital organs; the heart and the lungs.

  19. Pelvis The bones of the pelvis Rightand left pelvic (hip) bones Sacrum Coccyx

  20. Pelvis • Pelvicskeleton protects • lower part of the digestive system and urinary system • reproductive system.

  21. Articular system joints & theirassociated ligaments • Joints & ligamentsconnect the bony parts of the skeletal system and providethe sites at which movements occur.

  22. Muscular System • 3 types of muscles • FXN • controlled voluntarily or involuntarily, whether they appear • APPEARANCE • striated (striped) or smooth • LOCATION • associated with the body wall (somatic), • or with organs and blood vessels (visceral)

  23. Cardiovascular (Circulatory) System transports fluids throughout the body. the heart and blood vessels make up the blood transportation network, the cardiovascular system.

  24. Cardiovascular (Circulatory) System • Heartpumps blood throughout the body • Bloodvessels, closed network of tubes,transport the blood. • 3 types of blood vessels • Arteriestransportblood away from the heart. • Veinstransport blood toward the heart. • Capillariesconnect the arteries and veins. • where oxygen, nutrients, and wastes are exchanged within the tissues.

  25. Cardiovascular (Circulatory) System Arteries in 3 classes According to; Amount of smoothmuscles & elasticfibers @ tunicamedia Size of thevessel Its function 1.Large elasticarteries 2.Medium musculararteries 3.Small arteries and arterioles

  26. Cardiovascular (Circulatory) System The main artery in the body aorta. Arteries have also branches themselves.

  27. Cardiovascular (Circulatory) System Blood flow in arteries Blood flow in veins

  28. Cardiovascular (Circulatory) System Arterieshavebranches Arteriesfromtheartery Veinshavetributaries Veinsdrainintoveins Somearteriesdividedintopartbydistinctmuscles! maxillaryartery

  29. Lymphatic system a network of lymphatic vessels Thesevesselstaketheexcesstissuefluidlymph from the body's intercellularfluid compartment returns it to the bloodstream.

  30. Respiratory System air passages & lungs supply oxygen to the blood eliminate carbon dioxide from it.

  31. Respiratory System Upper respiratory tract Nose-Pharynx-Larynx Lower respiratory tract Respiratory organs of the thorax The lower respiratory tract fills most of the thorax.

  32. THORAX irregularly shaped cylinder superior thoracic aperture superiorly inferior thoracic aperture inferiorly. Superiorthoracic aperture open, allowing continuity with the neck Inferiorthoracic aperture closed by the diaphragm.

  33. DIAPHRAGM important muscle for respiration forms a section between thorax and abdomen.

  34. Digestive (Alimentary) System Abdomen Abdominalwall bounded superiorly xiphoid process third-most inferior part- of the sternumcostal margins posteriorly vertebral column inferiorly upper parts of the pelvic bones

  35. Urinary (Excretory) System kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, &urethra filter blood produce, transport, store, & intermittently excrete urine (liquid waste)

  36. Urinary (Excretory) System The ureters descend down to the pelvis exiting from the kidneys on each side. They enter the pelvic cavity, and continue their journey to the bladder.

  37. Pelvis (L.basin) part of the trunk inferoposterior to the abdomen area of transition between the trunk & lower limbs Pelviccavity inferiormost part of the abdominopelvic cavity.

  38. Abdominopelviccavity extends superiorly into the thoracic cage inferiorly into the pelvis its superior and inferior parts are relatively protected. Perforating wounds in either the thorax or the pelvis may therefore involve the abdominopelvic cavity and its contents.

  39. Pelviccavity bounded posteriorly by coccyx and inferiormostsacrum superior part of the sacrum formes a roof over the posterior half of the cavity.

  40. Pelviccavity Anteroinferiorwall Bodiesof the pubic bones+pubic symphysis uniting them Posterosuperiorwall & ceiling Sacrum & Cocyx

  41. Pelviccavity contains Terminalparts of theureters Urinary bladder Rectum Pelvicgenital organs Blood vessels Lymphatics Nerves + an overflow of abdominal viscera

  42. Reproductive (Genital) System The reproductive tracts are located in the pelvic cavity. between the pelvic inlet superiorly and the pelvic diaphragm inferiorly contains terminal parts of the urinary and digestive systems internal genital organs associated vascular structures nerves supplying both the pelvis and lower limbs.

  43. Endocrine System specialized structures secretinghormones discrete ductless endocrine glands isolated and clustered cells of the gut and blood vessel walls specialized nerve endings. Hormones influence metabolism & other processes menstrual cycle pregnancy parturition (giving birth)

  44. NERVOUS SYSTEM

  45. NERVOUS SYSTEM • C.N.S. • CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM • brain + spinalcord • 2. P.N.S. • PERIPHEREAL NERVOUS SYSTEM • consists of nerve fibers and cell bodies outside the CNS. • conduct impulses to or away from the CNS. • organized into nerves that connect the CNS with peripheral structures

  46. NervecellNeuron structural & functional units of the nervous system Neuroglia- cellssupportingneurons Neuronsarespecializedforrapidcommunication. Neuron has: Axoncarries information Dendiritesin communication with the surrounding neurons

  47. A collection of neuronsfordoingthesamefunction(s) • Inthe CNS Nucleus (pl., nuclei) • Inthe PNS Ganglion (pl., ganglia)

  48. A nerve fiber TWO TYPES efferent fibers goes down from the brain or leaves out from the spinal cord totheperiphery carrying information to accomplish a behavior/action afferent fibers carries information fromperiphery or from spinal cord to the brain Arcreflex

  49. Somatic &Visceral Fibers Somatic fibers General sensory fibers general somatic afferent [GSA] fibers • Transmit sensations from the body to the CNS. • Exteroceptivesensations from • skin pain, temperature, touch, & pressure or pain • Proprioceptivesensations from • muscles, tendons, and joints

  50. Somatic &Visceral Fibers Somatic fibers Somatic motor fibers general somatic efferent [GSE] fibers transmit impulses to skeletal (voluntary) muscles.

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