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Dawn to Dusk. Rapid Response UK 111. Team members. Patricia Burkhart, RN, PhD Associate Dean for Undergrad Studies, CON Cletus Carvalho , MD Med. Dir. of Inpatient Psychiatry, Psychiatry Residency Program Dir Rachel Copeland Associate Director of Finance, COM Dan Goulson, MD
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Dawn to Dusk Rapid Response UK 111
Team members • Patricia Burkhart, RN, PhD • Associate Dean for Undergrad Studies, CON • Cletus Carvalho, MD • Med. Dir. of Inpatient Psychiatry, Psychiatry Residency Program Dir • Rachel Copeland • Associate Director of Finance, COM • Dan Goulson, MD • Medical Director, CAS • Kathy Isaacs, RN • Patient Care Manager, NICU • Paula Sandford • Business Officer, College of Dentistry
original Project Charge Optimize coverage after normal hours within UK HealthCare
“We must demonstrate outstanding outcomes. This will require a committed multi-disciplinary team approach that focuses aggressively on quality and efficiency. Standardization, coordination, and integration will be our core operating principals moving forward.” Michael Karpf, MD September 8, 2010
Background • Sub-par performance in regards to mortality, quality, and safety • Night coverage has been identified as a system weakness • There have been some undesirable outcomes
Issues • Personnel attending to deteriorating patients may not have the appropriate skills to intervene • Sometimes there is delayed activation of a rapid response to a deterioration
The right skills to help the patient at the right time
Night Coverage Task Force • An internal team sponsored by Dr. Lofgren • Led by Colleen Swartz and Dr. DePriest • Membership consists of high level medical, nursing, and administrative leaders
Night Coverage Task Force • Made a preliminary report this past summer
Hospitalists would solve issues Improve-ments included RRT Weinstein, 2002 Schulkin, 2008
24/7 coverage by intensivists Most had identifiable deteriora-tion before arrest Arabi, 2008 Schein, 1990
Automated triggers increase RRT calls MEWS leads to earlier transfer to ICU Whittington, 2007 Stenhouse, 2000
51 cardiac arrests were prevented Lighthall, 2010
Current State at Night • No services have attending in-house • Exceptions are ED, OB, and Anes • Much cross-covering exists among house staff • Nursing staff is relatively junior
External Survey • Sent questions to top 7 performers in UHC • Asked about their models of care
Highlights of findings • Clarian – Methodist • For deterioration, RRT is called first, then attending • RRT activated through a specific phone # • University Hospitals – Case • There is 24/7 medical hospitalist coverage both with and without NPs
Highlights of findings • Ohio State • RRT includes hospitalist and acute care NP 24/7 • No response from Kansas, Arizona, Rush, or Wisconsin
Several scenarios … Cost Intensivist + Hospitalist Procedural-trained Hospitalist + APP House staff & fellows Versatility
Three Prong Model • Rapid Response Team, 24/7 • Increase skill set at bedside and in RRT • Hospitalist for night coverage, 11p – 7a
Rapid Response Team • Available constantly • Includes APPs • One consistent method of activation
Increase skills • Bedside nurses will recognize deteriorations • Nurse practitioners on RRT can intervene • Hospitalist has high-level skills
Hospitalist • Must have interventional skills • Would provide attending supervision for admissions • Support RRT • Available at night
One number One call Every time
Similarities to NCTF plans: • Train for skills • Hospitalist at night • Elevate skill level at bedside
Differences from NCTF plans: • Dependence on RRT around the clock • Addition of APP to team • Hardwire the activation of RRT • Hospitalist to support RRT • Elevate skill level at bedside
Revenue • Billings for procedures • Billing for nighttime admission H&Ps
Expenses • Wages • Training costs
Expenses • Additional 4.5 FTE for Advanced Practice Providers
Cost Avoidance • Reduce ICU admissions through early intervention • Estimated annual savings of • Reduce litigation and awards • Estimated saving of $720,000 $700,000
Cost Avoidance $720,000 $700,000
Summary of Recommendations • RRT as a first responder model • Consistent method of activation • Skilled nocturnist for RRT support • Measurement of outcomes
“… the most sophisticated intensive care often becomes unnecessarily expensive terminal care when the pre-ICU system fails.” Peter Safar, MD
Failure to rescue … … is not an option