Lesson One

1. Lesson One TSWBAT: CO 1. Define drug abuse and distinguish it from both appropriate use and misuse. CO 2. Describe how psychoactive drugs affect the brain. CO 3. Summarize the risks of drug abuse. LO 1. In writing list the behavior or the brain under normal conditions and what happens when drugs are used.

2. Critical Vocabulary Medicine Over-the-counter drug Prescription drug Illegal drug Drug misuse Drug abuse Psychoactive drug Side effect Drug antagonism Drug synergism

3. Warm-up Myth Fact Writing: What other myths do teens believe about drugs? Write down some statements you have heard from your peers. Which ones do you think are true? Which are false?

4. Legal and Illegal Drugs There are different kinds of drugs. Medicines are legal that help the body fight injury, illness, or disease. A medicine that is sold legally in the pharmacies and other stores without a doctor’s prescription is called an over-the-counter drug. A drug that can be obtained only with a written order from a doctor and can be purchased only at the pharmacy is known as a prescription drug. An illegal drug is a chemical substance that people of any age may not lawfully manufacture, possess, buy, or sell. Sometimes drugs are not used properly. The improper use of medicines-either prescription or over-the-counter drugs-is called drug misuse. When a drug is intentionally used improperly or unsafe, it is known as drug abuse. Any use of illegal drugs is also drug abuse. Drug abuse occurs when people intentionally use any kind of drug for non-medical purposes.

5. Psychoactive Drugs Most abused drugs are psychoactive. A psychoactive drug also called a mood altering drug, is a chemical that affects the brain activity. Psychoactive drugs typically create a pleasurable feeling that the user wants to repeat. Many psychoactive drugs trigger activity along a pathway of cells in the brain called the “reward pathway”. Abuse of psychoactive drugs may result in addiction and permanent changes to the brain’s structure and chemistry.

6. When drugs are Misused When drugs are misused or abused, many serious health effects can result. A side effect is an unwanted physical or mental effect caused by a drug. A drug antagonism occurs when tow or more drugs are taken at the same time and each drug’s effect is canceled out or reduced by the other. A drug synergism occurs when drugs interact to produce effects greater than those that each drug would produce alone. Drug abusers risk facing serious legal penalties, damaging their relationships with family and friends, and causing significant cost to society. Penalty for individual who produce, possess, transport, or sell illegal drugs include long prison terms and heavy fines. Drugs can cause friends to drift away and families to break up. Drug abuse affects many more people than jus the abusers themselves.

7. Facts about Drugs 1. Complete the table with details about different kinds of drugs. Match the description of how a medicine is being used with the correct term on the right. 2. ___ Using per doctor’s instruction a. Drug misuse 3. ___ Mistakenly taking more than recommended b. Proper use 4. ___ Deliberately taking more than recommended c. Drub abuse

8. Drug Abuse and the Brain Cause Effect • Dopamine • travels between • brain cells Brain under normal condition Brain on drugs Brain after repeated drug use a. ______________ ________________ b. ______________ ________________ Cells release extra dopamine c. _____________ _______________ Cells lose receptors for dopamine 5. Complete the graphic organizer with details about how drugs affect the brain.

9. Dangers of Drug Misuse and Abuse • 6. Describe each risk of drug misuse or abuse in the space below. • a. Side effects_________________________________________ • ____________________________________________________ • b. Dependence ______________________________________ • c. Withdrawal ________________________________________ • e. Drug interactions ___________________________________ • f. Other health risks ___________________________________ • Legal Risks and Other Costs • 7. List three costs of drug abuse in addition to health risks. • __________________________________________________ • __________________________________________________ • __________________________________________________

10. Practice Concept Check: How Drugs Affect the Brain The reward pathway in the brain is activated when you engage in pleasurable activities, such as eating a tasty treat. The reward pathway is also activated by addictive drugs. The drawing below represents the brain’s reward pathway. Label the structure in the diagram with the terms: pleasure signal, dopamine receptor, dopamine 1. Describe the brain’s reward pathway under normal conditions. ______________________________________________________ 2. State what happens to the reward pathway when a person takes and addictive drug. ______________________________________________________ 3. Explain how long-term drug use can affect the reward pathway. _____________________________________________________

11. Review • How is an over-the-counter drug different from a prescription drug? • Define drug abuse. Give an example. • Briefly describe how psychoactive drugs affect the brain. • What is a side effect? • List three health risks and two other risks that drug ausers face.

12. Lesson Quiz 1 • E • C • D • F • A • True • False • True • True • False

13. Lesson Two TSWBAT: CO 1. Evaluate how family, friends and personal factors can influence an individual’s decision about drugs. LO 2. Create a role-play scenario where individuals are using the three protective factors.

14. Critical Vocabulary Protective Factor

15. Warm-up Quick Quiz Writing: Each question you answer “yes” to is a way you protect yourself from drug abuse. What other factors in your life help protect you from using drugs? Explain.

16. Factors Affecting Drug Abuse A number of factors make it either more or less likely that a teen will abuse drugs. They include family factors, and personal factors. Family factors, such as poor family relationships or drug abuse by family members, may make teen drug abuse more likely. Social factors that influence teens to use drugs include peer group or role models who abuse drugs. Competitive pressure placed on athletes may lead to drug abuse as well. Finally, personal factors, such as stress and low self-esteem, can also influence a teen to use drugs.

17. Protective Factors • A protective factor is a factor that reduces a person’s potential for harmful behavior. Having strong protective factors in your life will help you stay drug free. Teenagers who have good relationships with their parents and other family members are better equipped to deal with life’s problems and stresses, and are less likely to use drugs. Other protective family factors include; • Strong and positive family bonds • Parental awareness of teen’s social activities and peer groups • Clear rules that are consistently enforced.

18. Social Bonds • Strong social bonds and supports can also cushion the negative effects of stress in your life and act as powerful buffers against drugs use. Protective social factors include; • Having strong bonds to school and other community institutions • Having friends who are supportive and accepting Finally, personal factors can protect against drug use, including; • A commitment to success in academics and extracurricular activities • A personal belief that drug use is unacceptable

19. Risk Factors • Complete the table with details about risk factors that affect drug • abuse.

20. 2. Complete the graphic organizer with details about protective Factors that help you avoid drug abuse. Main idea: Having strong protective factors In your life will help you stay drug free. Family factors Social Factors Personal Factors a. parental awareness ____________ b. __________ ____________ ____________ c. __________ ____________ ____________ d. __________ ____________ ____________ e. __________ ____________ ____________ f. __________ ____________ ____________ Protective Factors

21. Practice Role-playing: Protective Factors and Teen Drug Abuse Three categories of factors help teens from using drugs: social factors, family factors, and personal factors. The student edition describes specific protective factors in each of these three categories. As a group select two protective factors. Then plan a role-play about a teen who is pressured to use drugs. The role-play should show how the protective factors help the teen resist drugs. Situation: ____________________________________________ Role-Play____________________________________________ Practice your role-play, and be ready to present to the class. Challenge the class to identify the protective factors you demonstrated with your role-play. Summarize your classmates response. ___________________________________________ _____________________________________________________

22. Review • What three general types of factors can either increase one’s risk of drug abuse or protect against drug abuse? • What is a protective factor? • Why is it important to strengthen protective factors in your life?

23. Lesson quiz 2 • A • C • A • B • A • True • True • False • False • True

24. Lesson Three TSWBAT: CO 1. Compare the effects of depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens on the body. CO 2. Describe the effects of marijuana. CO 3. Name three classes of drugs in increasing concern in recent years. LO 3. List the commonly abused drugs and how thy affect the body.

25. Critical Vocabulary Depressants Barbiturates Opiate Heroin Stimulant Cocaine Amphetamines Metamphetamine Marijuana Hallucinogens Club drugs Inhalant

26. Warm-up Health Stats Writing: What factors do you think are responsible for the increase in prescription drug abuse?

27. Commonly Abused Drugs • Drugs are categorized according to their actions and affects on the body. A depressant is a psychoactive drug that slows brain and body reactions. Depressants slow body functions by decreasing heart and breathing rates and lowering blood pressure. One class of depressants is the barbiturates. These are also called sedative-hypnotics. A second class is the CNS depressants, or tranquilizers, which slow the activity of the central nervous system. A third class is the opiates. An opiate is any drug made from psychoactive compounds from the seed pods of poppy plants. Heroinis an illegal opiate made in a laboratory.

28. Stimulants • A stimulant is a drug that speeds up activities of the central nervous system. Stimulants increase heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, and alertness. One class of powerful stimulants is the amphetamines. Methamphetamine is a stimulant that is related to amphetamines, but is even more powerful. Cocaine is a powerful but short-acting stimulant. • A hallucinogen is a drug that distorts perception, thought, and mood. Hallucinogen overload the brain with sensory information, causing a distorted sense of reality. LSD, psilocybin, and PCP are hallucinogen.

29. Marijuana • Marijuana is the leaves, stems, and flowering tops of the hemp plant Cannabis sativa. Marijuana is one of the most frequently abused psychoactive drug. Its main ingredient changes the way information reaches and is acted upon the brain. Marijuana has many side effects, including distorted perceptions difficulties with thinking, feelings of paranoia, and loss of coordination. It is extremely dangerous to drive while under the influence of marijuana. Marijuana is often a gateway to the abuse of other drugs. • Three classes of drugs that are of growing concern in recent years are club drugs, inhalants, and anabolic steroids. Club drugs got their name from the fact that they first gained popularity at dance clubs and raves. An inhalant is a breathable chemical vapor that produces mind-altering effects. Even a single session of inhalant abuse can cause death. Anabolic steroids are synthetic drugs that are similar to the hormone testosterone. Steroid abuse is especially dangerous to teens, whose growing body’s suffer permanent damage

30. Depressants 1. Complete the graphic organizer with details about depressants Main idea: Depressants slow body functions by decreasing heart and breathing rates and lowering blood pressure Barbiturates CNS Depressants Opiates e. ___________ _____________ f. ___________ _____________ a. ___________ _____________ b. __________ ____________ c. ___________ _____________ d. ___________ _____________

31. Stimulants 2. Complete the table with details about stimulants. Drugs Long-Term Effects Amphetamines • _________________ _____________________ Methamphetamines b. ___________________ _____________________ Cocaine c. ___________________ _____________________

32. Hallucinogens 3. Complete the concept map with details about hallucinogens. hallucinogens include distort d. LSD f. _____ c. ______ a. perception e. _____ also known as also known as i. ______ also known as b. _____ g. _____ h. ______

33. Marijuana 4. List three negative side effects of marijuana. • __________________________________________________ • __________________________________________________ • __________________________________________________ 5. List tow reasons why marijuana impairs driving ability. • __________________________________________________ • __________________________________________________ 6. List tow reasons why marijuana is called a “gateway” to other drugs. • __________________________________________________ • __________________________________________________

34. Club Drugs , Inhalants, and Steroids 7. Complete the outline about club drugs, inhalants and anabolic steroids. • Club drugs, inhalants, and Steroids Three classes of drugs that are of growing concern in recent years are club drugs, inhalants and anabolic steroids. A. Club Drugs 1. Description _______________________________ 2. Risk _____________________________________ B. Inhalants 1. Description _______________________________ 2. Risk _____________________________________ C. Anabolic Steroid 1. Description _______________________________ 2. Risk _____________________________________

35. Practice • In this section, you learned about many categories of drugs and specific names of drugs that are abused. They include: • Marijuana, stimulants, amphetamines, club drugs, LSD, opiates, inhalants, hallucinogens, anabolic steroids, GHB, PCP, cocaine, depressants, Kat amine, met amphetamine, barbiturates, rohypnol, CNS depressants, psilcybin. Use these terms to complete the concept map.

36. Commonly abused drugs Application include drugs used to build muscle drugs that cause distorted perception drug such as Ecstasy drugs that slow the body drugs that speed up the NS dangerous chemical vapors “gateway drug” 1. ________ 9. _______ 14. _____ 19. _____ 5. _______ 18. _____ 13. ______ 2.______________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ 10. ____________ 11. ____________ 12. ____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________ 8. _____________ 15. ____________ 16. ____________ 17. ____________

37. Review • Briefly describe the overall effects that depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens have on the body. • What is an opiate? Give three examples. • What is methamphetamine? List three long-term effects of methamphetamine use. • How does marijuana affect the brain? List three side effects. • Name three classes of drugs of increasing concern today. In three sentences, summarize the dangers of each.

38. Lesson Quiz 3 • D • B • F • A • C • C • D • D • B • C

39. Lesson Four TSWBAT: CO 1. Identify three treatment options for people who abuse drugs. CO 2. Name three steps you can take to stay drug free. LO 4. List the signs of drug abuse.

40. Critical Vocabulary Therapeutic Community

41. Warm-up Dear Advice Line, My friend Greg tried methamphetamine at a party a few months ago. Soon he started doing it regularly. He gets defensive and aggressive when I ask him if he needs help. I’m scared to talk to him anymore, but I want to help. Writing: What advice would you give Greg’s friend? How can she help Greg?

42. Choosing to be Drug Free • Before drug abusers can be helped, they need to recognize their problem. Once drug abusers recognize their problem, several treatment options are available to them. Treatment options for abusers include detoxification, therapeutic communities, and supervised medication. A person who enters a detoxification program undergoes gradual but complete withdrawal form the abused drug under medical supervision. A therapeutic community is a residential treatment center where former drug abusers live together and learn to adjust to drug-free lives. A third treatment option for some drugs, such as heroin, involves replacing the abused drug with a drug that produces some of the same effects, without the “high”. This kind of treatment must be done under medical supervision.

43. Refusal Skills • There are steps you can take to protect yourself from using drugs. Practicing refusal skills, seeking help when you need it and getting involved in drug-freeactivities can help you stay away from drugs. Refusing drugs can be difficult when you are faced with pressures to take them. Sharpening your refusal skills can be helpful. If the stresses and problems in your life are too much to manage, find a trusted adult to talk to. • There are many healthy and consecutive activities that can lift your mood and help you handle the pressures in your life. Physical activity boost your mood and relieves the negative effects of stress. Volunteering to help other people can give you good feeling about yourself. Participating in a youth group can give you a sense of belonging and a connection to others.

44. Behavioral Signs Physical Signs • Changes in personality • _____________ • _____________ • _____________ . Signs of Possible Drug Abuse Social Signs • Complete the concept map with details about signs of possible drug • abuse Treating Drug Abuse e. _____________ f. _____________ g. _____________ h. ______________ i. ______________ J._______________

45. e. The abused drug is replaced by another without a “high.” f._______________ ______________ • Most programs are in hospitals • ______________________ c. Former drug abusers join a residential treatment center. d. ____________ ____________ 2. Complete the graphic organizer about treatment options for drug abuse Main Idea: Once drug abusers have acknowledge their problems, they have several treatment options Detoxification Therapeutic Community Supervised medication

46. 3. Complete the table about staying drug free. Staying Drug Free Refusing drugs a. Clearly state your reason for not wanting drugs b. _________________________ Seeking help c. __________________________ __________________________ d. __________________________ __________________________ Finding alternatives e. __________________________ to drugs f. __________________________ g. __________________________

47. Practice • People who abuse drugs are likely to show warning signs of drug abuse, such as lying or withdrawing from normal activities. If you had a friend who was abusing drugs, would you recognize the warning signs? If you did recognize the signs, would you know how to act an an advocate for your friend?

48. Application • Stacey is worried about her friend, Corinne. Corinne always used to be a lot of fun, but lately she has been acting very grouchy. Until recently, Corinne was an excellent student. Now she forgets to do her homework and sometimes falls asleep in class. As a result, Corinne’s grades are slipping, although she doesn’t seem to care. Corinne also used to spend hours in front of the mirror. Now, she looks as though she barely bothers to comb her hair. • Every time Stacey asks Corinne what is wrong, Corinne denies there is a problem. Stacey is growing more concerned about Corinne, but doesn’t know what is wrong or what to do. • What are signs that Corinne might be abusing drugs? • If Corinne continues to deny there is a problem, what could happen to her? • What should Stacey do to act as an advocate for her friend?

49. Review • What are three options for drug abuse treatment? • Describe a therapeutic community. Identify two ways it helps drug abusers overcome their problems. • What are three steps you can take to stay away from drugs?

50. Lesson Quiz 4 • True • False • True • False • False • C • A • B • C • A