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1.4 What Tools do Economists use?. I. The Scientific Method. is used to analyze economic events & predict outcomes and involves: 1. posing a question 2. researching the question 3. developing a hypothesis 4. conducting studies & collecting information 5. analyzing the information
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I. The Scientific Method • is used to analyze economic events & predict outcomes and involves: 1. posing a question 2. researching the question 3. developing a hypothesis 4. conducting studies & collecting information 5. analyzing the information 6. evaluating the hypothesis
Economists use graphs to analyze the relationship between two sets of data. • Data - factual information that gives you vital insights into the physical world and it’s processes.
II. Graphs: Two-dimensional Representations of a three-Dimensional World
A graph is a visual representation for analyzing and displaying data. (One or both sets of data are also known as variables.) • A variable is a quantity that can vary or change. • Data can be plotted on a coordinate system which consists of two perpendicular lines. Each of the two lines is called an axis. • The horizontal line is called the x-axis. • The vertical line is called the y-axis. • A curve is any line representing data points on the graph.
III. Economic Models: Simplified Representations of Reality • An economic model is a simplified representation of reality that allows economists to focus on the effects of one change at a time. • The rational-behavior model is a tool for understanding the mystery of human behavior. • Forms of economic models include: diagrams, equations and descriptions.