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Dave Corbus, Craig Hansen Presentation at Windpower 2005 Denver, CO May 15-18, 2005

Test Results from the Small Wind Research Turbine (SWRT) Test Project. Dave Corbus, Craig Hansen Presentation at Windpower 2005 Denver, CO May 15-18, 2005. SWRT Test Background. SWRT Test Supply data for model validation of small furling wind turbines

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Dave Corbus, Craig Hansen Presentation at Windpower 2005 Denver, CO May 15-18, 2005

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  1. Test Results from the Small Wind Research Turbine (SWRT) Test Project Dave Corbus, Craig Hansen Presentation at Windpower 2005 Denver, CO May 15-18, 2005

  2. SWRT Test Background • SWRT Test • Supply data for model validation of small furling wind turbines • Increase understanding of furling and small wind turbine dynamics • Further state-of-the-art test procedures for small wind turbines

  3. SWRT Testing and Model Development • SWRT Test • Three different turbine configurations tested • Most comprehensive small turbine test • Upgrade FAST model to include furling • Perform model comparisons between SWRT FAST and ADAMS models and FAST and SWRT • Models often break down more for small turbine conditions • In and out of stall more • More yawed flow conditions • Dynamically active turbine

  4. SWRT Test Description Yaw slip rings and encoder Flap and edge blade strain gages Furl Sensor Rotor slip ring, encoder, and amplifiers Sonic anemometer junction box Shaft sensor Tower leg load cell “washers”

  5. SWRT shaft sensor - first accurate small turbine thrust measurements • Measures Shaft 0/90 bending, torque, thrust on fixed frame • 4 by 4 cross-talk matrix • Critical path load is the shaft bending from gyroscopic loads

  6. Pre-testing Turbine Characterization Data for modeling included: • Tail assembly and main frame: • Weight, Cg, bi-filar, moment of inertia about yaw axis • Magnet can Cg and moment of inertia • Tail damper properties • Exact turbine geometries • Blade modal test

  7. Max and Mean Furl vs. Mean Wind Speed

  8. Yaw Rate vs. Mean Wind Speed

  9. Rotor Speed vs. Mean Wind Speed

  10. Furl vs. Thrust

  11. SWRT Furling Event – Time Series Plot

  12. Furling and Center of Thrust

  13. SWRT Test Configurations All configurations tested with inverter load Total of 514 10-minute records A few resistor load files taken for each configuration Some scatter in rpm-torque curve from inverter controller hysteresis SWRT Configuration

  14. Furl vs. Wind Speed for Different Configurations

  15. Thrust vs. Wind Speed for Different Configurations

  16. Ratio of Tail/Met Wind Speed vs. Wind Speed

  17. Power/Thrust Ratio for Configurations A and C

  18. Furling and Inflow • Use sonic anemometer and meteorological data • Correlate inflow parameters and furling • Shows significance of vertical wind component and coherent turbulent kinetic energy

  19. Furling and Richardson Number

  20. - CoTKE and vertical gust variance for two files with same wind speed and different furl

  21. SWRT Test & Simulation ModelsSWRT FAST Model • Extensive turbine properties provided by NREL • 12 degrees-of-freedom (DOFs) used • Blade flexibility 2 flap and 1 edge mode DOF per blade • Drivetrain 1 variable generator speed DOF with torque-speed look-up table • Nacelle yaw 1 yaw DOF • Tail-furl 1 tail-furl DOF with nonlinear damper • Aerodynamics • Used dynamic stall and dynamic inflow options in AeroDyn • Original airfoil data based upon Selig wind tunnel tests • Tapered tip section airfoil data based upon XFoil predictions by Tod Hanley • Airfoil data “tuned” after comparing with measured Cp-TSR data (very limited range) • Dynamics verified via comparisons with ADAMS

  22. Model & Test Comparisons Configuration A Statistics (Inverter Load)

  23. Model & Test Comparisons Configuration A Statistics (Cont’d.)

  24. Model & Test Comparisons Configuration A Statistics (Cont’d.)

  25. Model & Test Comparisons Configuration A Statistics (Cont’d.)

  26. Model & Test Comparisons - Configuration B with Resistor Load - Mean wind speed 17.2 m/s

  27. Model & Test Comparisons - Configuration B with Resistor Load - Mean wind speed 17.2 m/s

  28. Model & Test Comparisons - Configuration B with Resistor Load - Mean wind speed 17.2 m/s

  29. Model & Test Comparisons - Configuration B with Resistor Load - Mean wind speed 17.2 m/s

  30. SWRT Summary • Most comprehensive small turbine test data set • Better understanding of small wind turbine dynamic behavior, including thrust and furling • SWRT test data and modeling effort will help make furling design efforts for small wind turbines easier, but furling remains a challenge! • Better test procedures for small turbine testing • Inflow analysis shows effects of turbulence • Fundamental shortcomings in aerodynamic modeling are the main reason for test data and model disagreements • 3-D stall effects (i.e., rotational augmentation) • Uncertainties in skewed wake correction for yawed flow

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