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Review of Course

Explore the sources of identity, ideologies, and political systems shaping society. Delve into the spectrum of progressivism, individualism, and collectivism, examining their roles in government and society. Learn about authoritarianism, communism, capitalism, and democracy, including their historical contexts and modern implications. Gain insight into classic and modern liberalism, contrasting viewpoints, and the welfare state's impact on economic cycles. Understand the influence of key figures in political theory, and analyze the practices of past authoritarian regimes like Hitler and Stalin. Investigate the complexities of the Cold War era, exploring conferences, doctrines, and notable events that shaped global politics. Discover the forces driving political power shifts and societal structures.

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Review of Course

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  1. Review of Course

  2. Identity and Ideology • Sources of identity: • Family Influence • Gender and gender roles • Religion and spirituality • Environment • Relationship to the land • Language and Ideology • Media, Beliefs, and Values • Government Shaping Identity • Themes include: • Nation • Class • Race • Environment • Relationship to the land • Gender • Religion

  3. Progressivism—umbrella term for ideologies that advocate political/social reform, support workers rights, and social justice. Demonstrate where it would fall on the spectrum • Characteristics of Ideology: • Nature of Human Beings • Structure of Society • Interpretations of History • Visions of the Future

  4. examine historic and contemporary expressions of individualism and collectivism • Entrepreneurialism • Social Programs and Public Services • Kibbutz • NGO • Hutterites

  5. Individualism • principles of liberalism: • individual rights and freedoms • self-interest • Competition • economic freedom • rule of law • private property Collectivism • principles of collectivism: • Collective responsibility • collective interest • Cooperation • economic equality • adherence to collective norms • public property

  6. Political Spectrum

  7. Authoritarian One political leader with absolute power (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition, etc.) Dictatorship Oligarchy Collective ownership of property and the organization of labor for the common advantage of all members. Government by the people, exercised through representatives selected in a popular vote Rule by a collective or group who make all decisions without outside inputs Republican Democracy Left/Communism Right/Capitalism Communism Capitalism Means of production and distribution are privately or corporately owned, and development is proportionate to the accumulation and reinvestment of profits gained in a free market. Government by the people, who are directly involved on all decisions Pure Democracy The absence of any form of political state or leadership Anarchy Anarchism

  8. Authoritarian Centralization of authority under a dictator, stringent socioeconomic controls, suppression of opposition through terror and censorship; typically a policy of belligerent nationalism and/or racism. Dictatorship Fascism Oligarchy Socialism RepublicanDemocracy Left/Communism Right/Capitalism Communism Capitalism The means of producing and distributing goods is owned collectively (or by a centralized government) that often plans and controls the economy to maintain social and economic equality. Pure Democracy Anarchy Anarchism

  9. Fascism Authoritarian Dictatorship China 2050? Castro’s Cuba Stalin’s USSR Where China thinks they are… Where China actually is today Socialism Venezuela Modern day Europe RepublicanDemocracy Left/Communism Right/Capitalism Communism Capitalism Collapse of central government in mid-1990s led to country run by economic opportunists, terrorists, and militaristic gangs. Currently trying to reestablish central government, but it controls only part of the capitol and none of the body of the country. Pure Democracy Anarchy Somalia Anarchism

  10. Related Issue 2 Review

  11. Classical vs. Modern Liberalism

  12. Classical Liberal Thinkers • John Locke • Government should be accountable to ppl. • Private property=good • Against authoritarianism • Humans are reasonable • Montesquieu • Separation of powers • Accountability of individual • Equality of individuals • Adam Smith • Laissez-faire • People should work for themselves • Government should be limited • John Stuart Mill • Individualist—freedom should be protected • Welfare capitalism (government’s provided protection for workers) • Only limitations on liberty should be those that protect the liberties of others

  13. Enlightenment • French Revolution • American Revolution • Industrial Revolution

  14. Opposition to Classical Liberalism • Luddites • Chartists • Socialists • Utopians Socialists • Marxists • Classical Conservativism

  15. Welfare State • Great Depression • Keynesian Economics • Boom Bust Cycle • The New Deal (FDR) • Winnipeg General Strike • Labour Unions • Universal Suffrage More money in your pockets: Governments should spend money in a recession to reduce its severity. It should also reduce taxes. Less money in your pockets: Governments should spend less money in boom times to soften a boom. It should also raise taxes.

  16. Authoritarian Governments: Hitler and Stalin • KNOW: How these regimes rejected liberalism • Pre-conditions that allowed the regimes to come to power • Biography • Rise to power • Illiberal practices while in power • Placemetn on political and economic spectrum

  17. Cold War • Yalta and Potsdam Conferences • Spheres of Influence • Expansionism • Containment • Deterrence • Brinkmanship • Non-Alignment • Truman Doctrine • Marshall Plan • Berlin Wall • Hungary (Fall) • Czech Republic • Yugoslavia • Cuban Missile Crisis • Proxy Wars

  18. Related Issue 3 Review

  19. Nunavut, Athens, Web/Politics 2.0 Canada

  20. Governor General (symbolic Office) Appoints Prime Minister and Cabinet Supreme Court Appoints House of Commons Senate Elect Citizens

  21. Supreme Court President Appoints Cabinet Approves House of Representatives Senate ELECT ELECT ELECT Citizens

  22. Authoritarian Political Systems Types: • Oligarchies • One Party States • Military Dictatorships Techniques of Authoritarian Governments : • Vision • Propaganda • Directing Public Discontent • Terror • Controlled Participation

  23. Balancing the Common Good with Individual Rights • French Language Laws • Religious Symbolism/ Reasonable Accommodation • War Measures Act • FLQ Crisis • Japanese Cdn. Internment • Emergencies Act • PATRIOT Act • No Fly List • Individual and Collective Rights • Charter of Rights and Freedoms

  24. Liberalism Evolves… • Environmentalism • Neo-Conservativism • Religious Perspectives • Aboriginal Perspectives

  25. Aboriginals • Historical/traditional ideological beliefs of First Nations—Private Property • (Historical) Treaties • Enfranchisement • Residential Schools • White Paper (Red Paper) • Potlatch • Indian Act

  26. Challenges to Liberal Thought • Post-Modernism • Extremism • Economic Extremism

  27. Is Contemporary Liberalism Viable? • Environmentalism • Consumerism • Pandemics • Water Shortages

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