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Chapter 31: Fungi

Domain Eubacteria. Domain Archaea. Domain Eukarya. Common ancestor. Chapter 31: Fungi. Domain Eukarya. General characteristics. Classification criteria eukaryotes heterotrophs feed by absorption mostly multicellular except unicellular yeasts cell wall

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Chapter 31: Fungi

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  1. Domain Eubacteria Domain Archaea Domain Eukarya Common ancestor Chapter 31: Fungi Domain Eukarya

  2. General characteristics • Classification criteria • eukaryotes • heterotrophs • feed by absorption • mostly multicellular • except unicellular yeasts • cell wall • sexual & asexual reproduction So that’s 3 times cell walls have evolved: bacteria, fungi,plants

  3. Fungal Structure • Fungal body • mycelium • thread-like cells • hyphae • Cells • multiple nuclei • Cell wall • chitin • polysaccharide + N • just like crab shells

  4. Internal structure chitin cell wall septum • Eukaryotic cells • long, thread-like cells • filamentous • incomplete divisions between cells • septum • multiple nuclei pore nuclei Aaaaah,structure–functionrelationship!

  5. fungal hypha plantcell wall plant cellmembrane plant cell Modes of Nutrition • Heterotrophic • secrete digestive enzymes • feed by absorption • parasites • feeding on living creatures • predators • paralyzing prey • decomposers • breakdown dead remains Fungi live INtheir food! It’s like you living in Chocolate cake!

  6. Fungal Diversity Zygomycota Ascomycota Basidiomycota Chytridiomycota Fungi

  7. Ecological Roles • Decomposers • recycle nutrients • Symbiotic Relationships • lichen • fungi + algae • cyanobacteria or green algae • pioneer species in ecosystems • makes soil from bare rock • mycorrhizae • fungi + plants • live in & amongst plant roots • enables plants to absorb more water & nutrients Lichens are fungi that have discovered agriculture!

  8. Mycorrhizae • Critical role in plant growth • extends water & nutrient absorption of roots withoutmycorrhizae withmycorrhizae Endomycorrhiza Ectomycorrhiza

  9. Reproduction • Asexual • budding in yeast • Sexual • spores • spread by wind • joining of + & – haploid spores haploidspores

  10. Adult female meiosis male mitosis & maturation haploid (n) diploid2n Gametes egg sperm Offspring fertilization mitosis & development Zygote

  11. Zygomycete (Bread Mold) Life Cycle spores(haploid) mating strain hypha sporangium MEIOSIS mating strain (2n)diploid (n)haploid FUSION of + and – gametangia

  12. Basidiomycete Life Cycle gills lined with basidia fruiting body basidium (n + n)dikaryotic 2n (diploid) (n)haploid zygote MEIOSIS strain spores FUSION of and hyphae strain

  13. Fairy Rings

  14. The FIRST Antibiotics

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